Heart Rate Does Not Reflect the %VO2max in Recreational Runners during the Marathon

Abstract

Exercise physiologists and coaches prescribe heart rate zones (between 65 and 80% of maximal heart rate, HRmax) during a marathon because it supposedly represents specific metabolic zones and the percentage of O2max below the lactate threshold. The present study tested the hypothesis that the heart rate does not reflect the oxygen uptake of recreational runners during a marathon and that this dissociation would be more pronounced in the lower performers’ group (>4 h). While wearing a portable gas exchange system, ten male endurance runners performed an incremental test on the road to determine O2max, HRmax, and anaerobic threshold. Two weeks later, the same subjects ran a marathon with the same device for measuring the gas exchanges and HR continuously. The %HRmax remained stable after the 5th km (between 88% and 91%, p = 0.27), which was not significantly different from the %HRmax at the ventilatory threshold (89 ± 4% vs. 93 ± 6%, p = 0.12). However, the %O2max and percentage of the speed associated with O2max decreased during the marathon (81 ± 5 to 74 ± 5 %O2max and 72 ± 9 to 58 ± 14 %vO2max, p < 0.0001). Hence, the ratio between %HRmax and %O2max increased significantly between the 5th and the 42nd km (from 1.01 to 1.19, p = < 0.001). In conclusion, pacing during a marathon according to heart rate zones is not recommended. Rather, learning about the relationship between running sensations during training and racing using RPE is optimal.

A Pilot Study Using Entropy for Optimizing Self-Pacing during a Marathon

“…Our findings revealed that stride amplitude exhibits the highest entropy during the marathon. The fact that heart rate demonstrates low entropy but a general upward trend during the race indicates that heart rate is not a rapid adjustment variable during the marathon, as previously reported [ 3 , 4 , 33 ]. Importantly, our results demonstrate a strong correlation between the distance at which stride length entropy decreases below 50% of its maximal value (referred to as the entropy maximal reserve, EMR) and marathon performance, as well as the distance at which RPE exceeds a value of 15 (indicating a very difficult race).…”