Heart Rate Detection During Sleep Using a Flexible RF Resonator and Injection-Locked PLL Sensor

Kim, Sung Woo; Seung-Hun, Choi; An, Yong-Jun; Kim, Byung-Hyun; Kim, Deok Won; Yook, Jong‐Gwan

doi:10.1109/tbme.2015.2439681

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, this approach requires numerous external components which are not always easily integrable in a wearable device. The architecture proposed by Kim et al [89] relies on an injection-locked, Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for near field detection. As PLLs are commonly available in RF front-ends (as for example for Bluetooth or WiFi), it does not require specific external components, and features a higher degree of interoperability with existing communication systems.…”

Section: Microwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods for Non-Invasive Heart Rate Measurement on Wrist

Ferreira

Géhin

Massot

2021

IRBM

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When evaluating general health condition on a patient, heart rate is an essential indicator as it is directly representative of the cardiac system state. Continuous measurement methods of heart rate are required for ambulatory monitoring involved in preliminary diagnostic indicators of cardiac diseases or stroke. The growing number of recent developments in wearable devices is reflective of the increasing demand in wrist-worn activity trackers for fitness and health applications. Indeed, the wrist represents a convenient location in terms of form factor and acceptability for patients. While most commercially-available devices are based on optical methods for heart rate measurement, others methods were also developed, based on various physiological phenomena. This review is focused on heart rate measurement methods located on forearm and more specifically on the wrist. For each method, the physiological mechanism involved is described, and the associated transducers for bio-signal acquisition as well as practical developments and prototypes are presented. Methods are discussed on their advantages, limitations and their suitability for an ambulatory use. More specifically, the superposition of motion artefacts over the signal of interest is one of the largest drawbacks for these methods, when used out of laboratory conditions. As such, artefact reduction techniques proposed in the literature are also presented and discussed.

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Section: Microwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods for Non-Invasive Heart Rate Measurement on Wrist

Ferreira

Géhin

Massot

2021

IRBM

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“…Furthermore, other RF sensors have been developed to monitor human HR. However, these sensors lack the ability to measure blood volume in the heart [21] – [23] . Recently, RF sensors have been developed to detect human vital-signs, whereas, in this study we seek to further the capabilities of RF resonators to measure ventricular volume changes, which may be used as a cardiac parameter to assess the function of the heart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Self Resonant Skin Patch Sensor to Monitor Cardiac Intraventricular Stroke Volume Using Electromagnetic Properties of Blood

Alruwaili

Cluff

Griffith

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Health Med.

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This paper focuses on the development of a passive, lightweight skin patch sensor that can measure fluid volume changes in the heart in a non-invasive, point-of-care setting. The wearable sensor is an electromagnetic, self-resonant sensor configured into a specific pattern to formulate its three passive elements (resistance, capacitance, and inductance). In an animal model, a bladder was inserted into the left ventricle (LV) of a bovine heart, and fluid was injected using a syringe to simulate stoke volume (SV). In a human study, to assess the dynamic fluid volume changes of the heart in real time, the sensor frequency response was obtained from a participant in a 30° head-up tilt (HUT), 10° HUT, supine, and 10° head-down tilt positions over time. In the animal model, an 80-mL fluid volume change in the LV resulted in a downward frequency shift of 80.16 kHz. In the human study, there was a patterned frequency shift over time which correlated with ventricular volume changes in the heart during the cardiac cycle. Statistical analysis showed a linear correlation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}${R} ^{2} = 0.98$ \end{document} and 0.87 between the frequency shifts and fluid volume changes in the LV of the bovine heart and human participant, respectively. In addition, the patch sensor detected heart rate in a continuous manner with a 0.179% relative error compared to electrocardiography. These results provide promising data regarding the ability of the patch sensor to be a potential technology for SV monitoring in a non-invasive, continuous, and non-clinical setting.

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“…In recent years, various sensors using microwave/radio-frequency (RF) technique have been studied for gas detection [1][2][3], biomaterial detection [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], glucose detection [13][14][15][16], vital sign monitoring [17][18][19][20], breast cancer detection [21,22], and so on and so forth. Especially, the microwave/RF technique is very useful in the material sensor and biomedical sensor owing to its nondestructive, non-obstructive, and non-contact characteristic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RF interferometric wearable wrist pulse detection system

Kim¹,

Yun

et al. 2018

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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This study presents a novel wrist pulse detection system based on the variation of transmission coefficient (S21) of coupled resonators. Radiated signal from one resonator is modulated by the wrist pulse and transmitted to the other resonator. To improve sensitivity of the system, a radio‐frequency (RF) interferometer concept is employed and its validity is mathematically analysed. Full‐wave electromagnetic simulation is conducted with the wrist phantom model to predict the transmission coefficient between resonators. The peak level of the S21 is around −10 dB and the resonance frequency shifts to higher frequency as the distance between the resonator and wrist increases. A prototype of the system is fabricated and tested to show sensitivity enhancement around the 2.4 GHz industry‐science‐medical (ISM) band. Experimental results reveal that the wrist pulse signal measured by the RF interferometer system is in exact coincidence with the reference finger sensor. Also, the sensitivity is enhanced about 23 dB with the RF interferometer system based on the measurement results.

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Heart Rate Detection During Sleep Using a Flexible RF Resonator and Injection-Locked PLL Sensor

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

A Review of Methods for Non-Invasive Heart Rate Measurement on Wrist

A Review of Methods for Non-Invasive Heart Rate Measurement on Wrist

Passive Self Resonant Skin Patch Sensor to Monitor Cardiac Intraventricular Stroke Volume Using Electromagnetic Properties of Blood

RF interferometric wearable wrist pulse detection system

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