Heart Rate and Daily Physical Activity with Long-Duration Habitation of the International Space Station

Fraser, Katelyn S.; Greaves, Danielle K.; Shoemaker, J. Kevin; Blaber, Andrew P.; Hughson, Richard L.

doi:10.3357/asem.3206.2012

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Physical inactivity and other risks in spaceflight. We confirmed here that astronauts perform aerobic exercises for only about 30 min/day within a lifestyle that has greatly reduced overall daily activity compared with preflight (9). Reduced activity can affect maximum oxygen uptake (29), skeletal muscle function, and bone loss (43,52).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Arteries also respond to the level of physical activity with regionally specific vascular adaptations (50). Spaceflight removes the head-to-foot gravitational vector and dramatically reduces daily physical activity requirements (9) so that vascular changes are expected (61). Head-down bed rest (HDBR), a spaceflight analog, reduced superficial femoral artery diameter (3,56) and increased wall thickness of carotid and superficial femoral arteries (55).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased postflight carotid artery stiffness and inflight insulin resistance resulting from 6-mo spaceflight in male and female astronauts

Hughson

Robertson

Arbeille

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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153

143

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Removal of the normal head-to-foot gravity vector and chronic weightlessness during spaceflight might induce cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations related to changes in arterial pressure and reduction in physical activity. We tested hypotheses that stiffness of arteries located above the heart would be increased postflight, and that blood biomarkers inflight would be consistent with changes in vascular function. Possible sex differences in responses were explored in four male and four female astronauts who lived on the International Space Station for 6 mo. Carotid artery distensibility coefficient (P = 0.005) and β-stiffness index (P = 0.006) reflected 17-30% increases in arterial stiffness when measured within 38 h of return to Earth compared with preflight. Spaceflight-by-sex interaction effects were found with greater changes in β-stiffness index in women (P = 0.017), but greater changes in pulse wave transit time in men (P = 0.006). Several blood biomarkers were changed from preflight to inflight, including an increase in an index of insulin resistance (P< 0.001) with a spaceflight-by-sex term suggesting greater change in men (P = 0.034). Spaceflight-by-sex interactions for renin (P = 0.016) and aldosterone (P = 0.010) indicated greater increases in women than men. Six-month spaceflight caused increased arterial stiffness. Altered hydrostatic arterial pressure gradients as well as changes in insulin resistance and other biomarkers might have contributed to alterations in arterial properties, including sex differences between male and female astronauts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased postflight carotid artery stiffness and inflight insulin resistance resulting from 6-mo spaceflight in male and female astronauts

Hughson

Robertson

Arbeille

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Self Cite

153

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…17 Without appropriate adaptation, marked cardiovascular deconditioning may occur that can be detected by changes in heart rate variability (HRV). 18 The fractal scaling behavior, including the long-term β (beta) or α (alpha) HRV, is thought to reflect the ‘intrinsic’ autonomic regulatory system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic cardiovascular autonomic regulatory system of astronauts exposed long-term to microgravity in space: observational study

et al. 2015

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The fractal scaling of the long-term heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the ‘intrinsic’ autonomic regulatory system. Herein, we examine how microgravity on the ISS affected the power-law scaling β (beta) of astronauts during a long-duration (about 6 months) spaceflight. Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was performed on seven healthy astronauts (5 men, 52.0±4.2 years of age) five times: before launch, 24±5 (F01) and 73±5 (F02) days after launch, 15±5 days before return (F03), and after return to Earth. The power-law scaling β was calculated as the slope of the regression line of the power density of the MEM spectrum versus frequency plotted on a log10–log10 scale in the range of 0.0001–0.01 Hz (corresponding to periods of 2.8 h to 1.6 min). β was less negative in space (−0.949±0.061) than on Earth (−1.163±0.075; P<0.025). The difference was more pronounced during the awake than during the rest/sleep span. The circadian amplitude and acrophase (phase of maximum) of β did not differ in space as compared with Earth. An effect of microgravity was detected within 1 month (F01) in space and continued throughout the spaceflight. The intrinsic autonomic regulatory system that protects life under serious environmental conditions on Earth is altered in the microgravity environment, with no change over the 6-month spaceflight. It is thus important to find a way to improve conditions in space and/or in terms of human physiology, not to compromise the intrinsic autonomic regulatory system now that plans are being made to inhabit another planet in the near future.

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“…Some recent studies were on heart rate during sleep 43 and related to physical activity in the ISS 44 and baroreflex. 45–47 …”

Section: What Are the In-flight Alterations In Cardiovascular Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compliance by the crew is also a major problem: None of the ISS crew members met the challenge of exercising twice a day without skip; in four cases, the dominating pattern was one session a day; in three cases, one session a day was made on half of the training days, and there was only one case when it was made in 90% of the training days. 13,84,85 …”

Section: What Level Of Cardiovascular Function Loss Is Acceptable Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal research priorities

et al. 2016

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International audienceThe THESEUS project (Towards Human Exploration of Space: aEUropean Strategy) was initiated within the seventh FrameworkProgramme by the European Commission. This project aimed toprovide a cross-cutting, life science-based roadmap for Europe’sstrategy towards human exploration of space, especially for deepspace missions and its relevance to applications on Earth. Toaddress these challenges, relevance of space research on thecardiovascular system, the lungs and kidneys, was discussed in anexpert group and its principal conclusions will be presented in thisarticle

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Heart Rate and Daily Physical Activity with Long-Duration Habitation of the International Space Station

Abstract: Astronauts on ISS maintained their HR during daily activities; on return to Earth there were only very small increases in HR, suggesting that cardiovascular fitness was maintained to meet the demands of normal daily activities.

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Increased postflight carotid artery stiffness and inflight insulin resistance resulting from 6-mo spaceflight in male and female astronauts

Increased postflight carotid artery stiffness and inflight insulin resistance resulting from 6-mo spaceflight in male and female astronauts

Intrinsic cardiovascular autonomic regulatory system of astronauts exposed long-term to microgravity in space: observational study

Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal research priorities

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