Heart Injuries Among Restrained Occupants in Frontal Crashes

Augenstein, Jeffrey S.; Perdeck, Elana; Williamson, Jami; Stratton, James; Murtha, Mary; Sapnas, Kathryn G.; Digges, Kennerly H.; Malliaris, Angelos; Lombardo, Louis V.

doi:10.4271/970392

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fundamental field data used during the development of the original FMVSS and its recent update are based on nearside occupants (FMVSS-214, 1990; Kuppa et al, 2003; Yoganandan and Pintar, 2005a). Studies to analyze injuries to nearside occupants were conducted using US databases such as the National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) and Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (Augenstein et al, 2000; FMVSS-214, 1990, 2008; Gabler et al, 2005a; Yoganandan et al, 2007b). Research simulating these impacts in a laboratory setting has been based on subjecting intact Post Mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) to contact monolithic or segmented load walls with varying initial/end conditions and impact velocities, from which biomechanical response corridors of different regions of the torso have been derived using forces, accelerations and deformations (Maltese et al, 2002; Pintar et al, 1997; Yoganandan and Pintar, 2005a, 2005b; Yoganandan et al, 2008; Yoganandan et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

Yoganandan

Halloway

Pintar

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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STRUCTURED ABSTRACT Objective The study was conducted to determine the association between vehicle-, crash- and demographic-related factors and injuries to front seat far-side occupants in modern environments. Methods Field data were obtained from the United States (US) National Automotive Sampling System – Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) database, for the years 2009–2012. Inclusion factors: adult restrained front outboard seated occupants, no ejection or rollovers, and vehicle model years less than 10 years old at the time of crash. Far-side crashes were determined by using collision deformation classification. Injuries were scored using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Injuries (MAIS2+, MAIS3+, M denotes maximum score) were examined based on demographics, change in velocity, vehicle type, direction of force, extent zone, collision partner and presence of another occupant in the front seat. Only weighted data were used in the analysis. Injuries to the head and face, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, upper extremity and lower extremity regions were studied. Odds ratios and upper and lower confidence intervals were estimated from multivariate analysis. Results Out of 519,195 far-side occupants, 17,715 were MAIS2+ and 4,387 were MAIS3+ level injured occupants. The mean age, stature, total body mass, and BMI were 40.7 years, 1.7 m, 77.2 kg, and 26.8 kg/m2, respectively. Of occupants with MAIS2+ injuries, 51% had head and 19% had thorax injuries. Of occupants with MAIS 3+ injuries, 50% had head and 69% had thorax injuries. The cumulative distribution of changes in velocities at the 50th percent level for the struck vehicle for all occupants and, MAIS2+ and MAIS3+ occupants were 19, 34 and 42 km/h, respectively. Furthermore, 73% of MAIS2+ injuries and 86% of MAIS3+ injuries occurred at a change in velocity of 24 km/h or greater. Odds of sustaining MAIS2+ and MAIS3+ injuries increased with unit increase in change in velocity, stature and age, with one exception. Odds of sustaining injuries were higher with the presence of an occupant in the front seat at the MAIS3+ level, although it was reversed at the lower level. The extent zone of 3+ increased the odds compared to the extent zones of 1 to 2 at both MAIS2+ and MAIS3+ injuries. Odds ratios and confidence interval are given. Conclusions Findings that head and thorax are more frequently injured body regions, prevalence of cranium injuries are similar at both injury severities; thoracic injuries are more prevalent at the MAIS3+ level; presence of another front seat occupant plays a role in MAIS3+ trauma; injuries continue to occur at change in velocities representative of side impact environments; mean demographic factors are close to mid-size automotive anthropometry, indicate the need to pursue this line of study. Because data were gathered from only four years, it would be important to include additional NASS-CDS database years, rescore injuries from previous years and/or analyze other international databases to reinforce these findings for advancing safety ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A later study focused on far-side crashes and used the NASS-CDS and WLIC data for the years 1988 to 1998 and 1994 to 1998 (Augenstein et al, 2000). It was found that the head and chest were the two most frequently injured body regions to restrained front outboard occupants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

Yoganandan

Halloway

Pintar

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…[1][2][3][4] Although national and international databases have been developed, the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN) database managed by the National Highway Safety Administration provides unique opportunities to conduct detailed trauma analyses based on medical and bioengineering perspectives. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Several CIREN Centers in the United States have been gathering data since 1996, and studies have been published using their database. For example, C2 fractures were analyzed based on imaging and other medical records, and crash-related data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association of Contact Loading in Diffuse Axonal Injuries From Motor Vehicle Crashes

Yoganandan

Gennarelli

Zhang

et al. 2009

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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Using a large sample size of occupants sustaining DAI in 1991 to 2006 model year vehicles, DAI occurred more frequently in side than frontal crashes, is most commonly associated with impact load transfer, and is not always accompanied by skull fractures. The association of head contact in >95% of cases underscores the importance of evaluating crash-related variables and medical information for trauma analysis. It would be prudent to include contact loading in addition to angular kinematics in the analysis and characterization of DAI.

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“…For penetrations mechanisms, the liver is most frequently injured after a contact with car components in front of the passenger (such as the steering assembly and the instrument panel) [3]. 2 point restraint belts (the driver wearing only the shoulder strap) were most likely to produce liver injuries in low severity frontal collisions when the force direction is 1 to 2 o'clock against the vehicle main axis [4,5]. Therefore, the impact direction could be a gravity factor in side impact situations [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 point restraint belts (the driver wearing only the shoulder strap) were most likely to produce liver injuries in low severity frontal collisions when the force direction is 1 to 2 o'clock against the vehicle main axis [4,5]. Therefore, the impact direction could be a gravity factor in side impact situations [4,5]. From clinical observations [2,[6][7][8][9], liver injuries could be summarized by a laceration along the falciform ligaments leading to the spreading of the two lobes, with a rupture risk for the right hepatic vein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver injuries in frontal crash situations a coupled numerical—experimental approach

Arnoux

Serre

Cheynel

et al. 2008

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Heart Injuries Among Restrained Occupants in Frontal Crashes

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

Crash Characteristics and Injury Patterns of Restrained Front Seat Occupants in Far-side Impacts

Association of Contact Loading in Diffuse Axonal Injuries From Motor Vehicle Crashes

Liver injuries in frontal crash situations a coupled numerical—experimental approach

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