Heart Failure Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction; Burden and Timing of Occurrence: A Nation‐wide Analysis Including 86 771 Patients From the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project

Abstract

BackgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) represents often the underlying conditions for the development of heart failure (HF). We aimed at exploring the burden and timing of HF complicating an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), using the total population of AMI patients hospitalized during 2001–2009 in Norway.Methods and ResultsA total of 86 771 patients with a first AMI during 2001–2009 and without previous HF were identified in the “Cardiovascular Disease in Norway” project and followed until HF development, death, or December 31, 2009. In 16 219 patients (18.7%), HF was present on admission or developed during hospitalization for the incident AMI. HF occurrence varied according to age (8.9%, 15.2%, and 25.6% among men and 10.2%, 16.8%, and 27.1% among women ages 25–54, 55–74, and 75–85 years). Among 63 853 patients discharged alive without HF, 8058 (12.6%) were hospitalized with or died because of HF during a median follow‐up time of 3.2 years. HF incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person‐years during follow‐up were 31 (95% CI, 30–32) for men and 46 (95% CI, 44–47) for women (P<0.01). IRs of HF were highest during the first 6 months of follow‐up, after which they leveled off and remained stable until the end of follow‐up.ConclusionsIn this nation‐wide cohort study, we observed that HF remains a frequent complication of the first AMI; both during the acute phase and shortly after the discharge from the hospital.

Identification of potentially critical genes in the development of heart failure after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

“…However, previous studies have indicated that the incidence rates of HF were highest during the first 6 months after myocardial infarction, after which they leveled off and remained stable. 28 Besides, the initiation and maladaptive cardiac remodeling seems to be greatest within 30 days after the attack. 29 By comparing patients with and without post-infarct HF, we found that the expression levels of the hub genes were also generally higher with the first 30 days but reached similar at 6 months.…”

Prognostic Impact of In‐Hospital and Postdischarge Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Analysis Using Data From the Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project

“…The occurrence of HF during follow‐up was identified using discharge diagnosis codes (ICD‐10 codes, I50.x). HF was classified as “ in‐hospital HF” if diagnosed during the hospital stay for the incident AMI and “ postdischarge HF” if developed within 1 year after discharge from the incident AMI …”

“…HF was classified as "in-hospital HF" if diagnosed during the hospital stay for the incident AMI and "postdischarge HF" if developed within 1 year after discharge from the incident AMI. 21 The relative excess mortality associated with HF (also referred to here as the "prognostic impact of HF") was calculated as the ratio between the odds of dying among AMI patients with HF and those without HF. The prognostic impact of in-hospital HF was explored in connection with in-hospital mortality.…”

Simultaneous Suppression of Multiple Programmed Cell Death Pathways by miRNA-105 in Cardiac Ischemic Injury

“…Heart disease, including heart failure, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemia reperfusion (I/R), is one of the causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide 1, 2, 3, 4. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MI and I/R injuries lead to various types of cardiomyocyte cell death (e.g., necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy) 5, 6.…”