Heart failure after myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Mechanisms, incidence and identification of patients at risk

Cahill, Thomas J.; Kharbanda, Rajesh

doi:10.4330/wjc.v9.i5.407

Cited by 156 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Our study demonstrated that only PCSK9 inhibitor pre-treatment helped to improve the PV loop parameters ( Figure 6A Introduction of reperfusion therapy in post-myocardial infarction treatment has increased the number of patients surviving the initial infarct; however, the proportion of patients developing heart failure has increased. 21 This may in part be caused by the significant reperfusion injury sustained as blood flow is restored to the heart. A rapid increase in oxygen increases free radical synthesis in mitochondria to yield ROS, which subsequently cause many downstream cellular physiology effects, and leads to an overall change in cardiac function.…”

Section: Pcsk9 Inhibitor Pre-treatment Improved Left Ventricular Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

PCSK9 inhibitor improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size in rats with ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Benefits beyond lipid‐lowering effects

Palee

McSweeney

Maneechote

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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During acute cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), an increased plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) level instigates inflammatory and oxidative processes within ventricular myocytes, resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) might exert cardioprotection against I/R injury. However, the effects of PCSK9i on the heart during I/R injury have not been investigated. The effects of PCSK9i given at different time‐points during I/R injury on left ventricular (LV) function were investigated. Male Wistar rats were subjected to cardiac I/R injury and divided into 3 treatment groups (n = 10/group): pre‐ischaemia, during ischaemia and upon onset of reperfusion. The treatment groups received PCSK9i (Pep2‐8, 10 μg/kg) intravenously. A control group (n = 10) received saline solution. During the I/R protocol, arrhythmia scores and LV function were determined. Then, the infarct size, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics and level of apoptosis were determined. PCSK9i given prior to ischaemia exerted cardioprotection through protection of cardiac mitochondrial function, decreased infarct size and improved LV function, compared with control. PCSK9i administered during ischaemia and upon the onset of reperfusion did not provide any of those benefits. PCSK9i administered before ischaemia exerts cardioprotection, as demonstrated by the attenuation of infarct size and cardiac arrhythmia during cardiac I/R injury. The attenuation is associated with improved mitochondrial function and connexin43 phosphorylation, leading to improved LV function.

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Section: Pcsk9 Inhibitor Pre-treatment Improved Left Ventricular Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

PCSK9 inhibitor improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size in rats with ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Benefits beyond lipid‐lowering effects

Palee

McSweeney

Maneechote

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…AMI remains the most common cause of heart failure that is a determinant of adverse prognosis in the STEMI patients [22]. PCI has improved early survival after STEMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCI has improved early survival after STEMI. However, its impact on the incidence of following heart failure is debated [22]. On the basis of available literature, it is estimated that despite successful PCI and restoring flow in IRA, unfavorable remodeling of the LV and heart failure development can be noticed in 30% of patients during early and long-term follow-up [2,3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Intracoronary Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Lineage-Negative Stem/Progenitor Cells on Remodeling of Post-Infarcted Heart in Patient with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Peregud‐Pogorzelska¹,

Przybycień²,

Baumert³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Introduction: Regenerative capacity of the heart is limited, and the post-infarct left ventricle (LV) dysfunction is associated with poor prognosis. Administration of stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) is a promising approach for cardiac regeneration. Objectives: In the study, we assessed LV function and post-infarcted remodeling in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarct (STEMI) who received autologous lineage-negative (LIN -) SPCs. Patients and methods: Patients with STEMI and one-vessel coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous revascularisation were divided into study group (LINgroup, 15 patients) that received standard therapy and autologous BM-derived LIN -SPCs and control group (standard therapy group, 19 patients). The cells were administered intracoronary 24 hours after STEMI. The follow-up was 12 months with subsequent non-invasive tests and laboratory parameter evaluation on days 1 st , 3 rd , and 7 th as well as at 1 st , 3 rd , 6 th and 12 th month after STEMI. Results: All procedures related to SPCs administration were well tolerated by the patients. In 12-month follow-up, there were no major adverse cardiac events connected with LIN -SPCs administration. During 12-month follow-up, 9 patients from LINgroup (Responders) achieved an improvement in LV ejection fraction (>10% after 12 months) with no signs of unfavorable LV remodeling. Laboratory parameters analysis showed that Troponin T levels were significantly lower until day 7 th in the Responders group, while brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level remained significantly lower from day 3 rd to 12 th month respectively. Conclusions: Intracoronary infusion of autologous BM-derived LINstem/progenitor cells is feasible and safe for patient. Improvement in LV function and prevention of unfavorable remodeling in the 60% of study group seems relatively promising. Stem cell-based therapy for cardiac regeneration still needs more accurate and extensive investigations to estimate and improve their efficacy.

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“…Low socioeconomic status, and its correlates, including low educational attainment, are independent risk factors for CVD events, including non-fatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, in both men and women [28]. Given that myocardial infarction is the primary cause of HF worldwide [29], and CVD remains the leading cause of death globally, it is likely that poverty and environmental factors, collectively known as social determinants of health, similarly influence the risk for incident HF. Pathways that may help explain these associations include lower access to quality care and a higher burden of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity among individuals of lower socioeconomic status [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pooled cohort equations heart failure risk score predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults

Razavi

Potts

Kelly

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background: Heart failure (HF) represents an accumulated burden of systemic vascular damage and is the fastest growing form of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to increasing HF-attributable mortality rates, we sought to assess the association of the new 2019 Pooled Cohort equations to Prevent Heart Failure (PCP-HF) risk score with CVD and all-cause mortality. Methods: We linked data for 6333 black and white men and women aged 40-79 years, whom underwent electrocardiographic examination from the Third National Health and Nutrition Exam Survey, to National Death Index record matches. Sex-and race-specific PCP-HF risk scores were calculated using data on age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, QRS complex duration, and antihypertensive and/or glucose-lowering medications. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios for the association of the PCP-HF risk score with CVD and all-cause mortality. Results: Individuals were on average 54.9 years old (51.7% women, 25.4% black) and the median 10-year HF risk was 1.6% (Q1 = 0.5, Q3 = 4.8). There were 3178 deaths, 1116 from CVD, over a median follow-up time of 22.3 years. Black women had a higher 10-year HF risk compared to white women (2.1% vs. 1.1%; p < 0.01), while no significant difference was observed in predicted HF risk between black men and white men (2.3% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.16). A twofold higher PCP-HF risk score was associated with a significant 58% (HR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.48-1.70; p < 0.0001) and 38% (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32-1.46; p < 0.0001) greater risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, respectively.

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Heart failure after myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Mechanisms, incidence and identification of patients at risk

Cited by 156 publications

References 84 publications

PCSK9 inhibitor improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size in rats with ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Benefits beyond lipid‐lowering effects

PCSK9 inhibitor improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size in rats with ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Benefits beyond lipid‐lowering effects

The Effect of Intracoronary Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Lineage-Negative Stem/Progenitor Cells on Remodeling of Post-Infarcted Heart in Patient with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Pooled cohort equations heart failure risk score predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults

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