Heart Embryology: Overview

Radu-Ioniţă, Florentina; Bontaș, Ecaterina; Goleanu, Viorel; Cîrciumaru, Bogdan; Bartos, D.; Parepa, Irinel; Tintoiu, I.; Popa, Adrian

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73764-5_1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The aortic and pulmonary valves form within the primitive outflow tract. Early in gestation, this is a hollow tube termed the conotruncus (4,5). Neural crest tissue migrates into the tube and forms two major collections of endocardial cushion tissue.…”

Section: Embryogenesis Of the Semilunar Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once formed, the cushions grow into the tube's lumen and fuse at the midline to create distinct, balanced systemic (left ventricular outflow tract and aortic root) and pulmonary [right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and main pulmonary artery] outflow channels (5,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Inferiorly, the cushions fuse with the interventricular septum.…”

Section: Embryogenesis Of the Semilunar Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valvular heart disease in congenital heart disease: a narrative review

Saef¹,

Ghobrial²

2021

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther

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Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defects, and with recent advances leading to improved survival, there are now over two million infants, children, and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the United States alone (1-3). Many patients suffer from primary congenital valvular lesions or prosthetic/conduit valvular dysfunction. Given the substantial variability within each phenotype of CHD, this review will provide a basic background in embryology to allow the reader to create an adaptable construct in their approach to these patients (Table 1).As the prevalence of CHD grows, it is imperative that providers in all practice settings recognize pathology promptly, coordinate appropriate surveillance, and collaborate with CHD-specialists for optimal treatment. As such, this review provides details on the diagnosis, natural history, and contemporary therapeutic approaches to valvular heart disease in CHD. The information used to write this review was collected via computerized literature searches of electronic databases including U.S. National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar as well as hand searches of the references of the retrieved literature and discussions with experts in

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Section: Embryogenesis Of the Semilunar Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embryogenesis Of the Semilunar Valvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valvular heart disease in congenital heart disease: a narrative review

Saef¹,

Ghobrial²

2021

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther

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“…Ventricles show differences in development, cellular origin, and molecular and genetic markers. These differences begin with the movement of cardiac progenitor cells that originate in gastrulation, from the mesoderm to the anterior of the primitive vein [ 13 ], where two structures are differentiated: the first cardiac field (FHF) and the second cardiac field (SHF) [ 14 ]. The FHF will give origin to the crescent-shaped cardiac tube and the LV, which begins development before the RV.…”

Section: Structural and Functional Differences Between The Right And Left Ventriclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SHF will give origin to the outflow tract and the RV. It is essential to note that these processes develop successively and under genetic control, including the Paired-Like Homeodomain 2 ( PITX2 ) gene, which determines left and right asymmetry [ 13 ], and the Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed ( HAND1 and HAND2 ) genes, which influence the development of the left and right ventricles, respectively, [ 14 ]. Contrary to what happens in adulthood, where cardiac output is the same for both ventricles, during embryological development, the RV produces 60% of total cardiac output [ 11 ].…”

Section: Structural and Functional Differences Between The Right And Left Ventriclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Functional Differences between the Right and Left Ventricles to Better Understand Right Ventricular Dysfunction

Bernal‐Ramírez

Díaz-Vesga

Talamilla

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The right and left ventricles have traditionally been studied as individual entities. Furthermore, modifications found in diseased left ventricles are assumed to influence on right ventricle alterations, but the connection is poorly understood. In this review, we describe the differences between ventricles under physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms that differentiate both ventricles would facilitate a more effective use of therapeutics and broaden our knowledge of right ventricle (RV) dysfunction. RV failure is the strongest predictor of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension, but at present, there are no definitive therapies directly targeting RV failure. We further explore the current state of drugs and molecules that improve RV failure in experimental therapeutics and clinical trials to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension and provide evidence of their potential benefits in heart failure.

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