Heart diseases, hypertension and effects of antihypertensive medications: Is hypertension a true risk factor of heart diseases?

Nawata, Kan

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.929840

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The results of Table 4 suggest that the (standardized) difference between SBP and DBP does matter, but the BP level may be less important. There have been many studies on the relationship between BP and diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases) ( 50 ). Therefore, it might be necessary to reevaluate the relationship between BP and disease from this viewpoint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of physical and mental health conditions related to employees’ absenteeism

Nawata

2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundEmployees’ health conditions are issues for not only employees themselves but also companies and society to keep medical costs low and productivity high.Data and methodsIn this analysis, 15,574 observations from 2,319 employees at four operational sites of a large corporation were used. The dataset contained physical and mental health conditions obtained from annual mandatory medical checkups, the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and work record information. Health and other factors related to long-term absenteeism (over three days in a quarter) were analyzed. Data were collected between February 2021 and January 2022, and we converted into quarterly observations. A logit (logistic regression) model was used in the analysis.ResultsAge and gender were identified as important basic characteristics. The estimates for these variables were positive and negative and significant at the 1% level. Among the variables obtained from the medical checkups, the estimates for diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, anamnesis, heart disease history, smoking, increased weight, and frequency of alcohol consumption were positive and significant at the 1% level, further those for taking antihypertensive medications and kidney disease history were positive and significant at the 5% level. In contrast, the estimates for systolic blood pressure and amount of alcohol consumption were negative and significant at the 1% level. The estimate for taking antihyperglycemic medications and health guidelines were negative and significant at the 5% level. Among the variables obtained from the BJSQ, the estimates for amount of work felt, fatigue and support from family and friends were positive and significant at the 1%, and the estimate for irritation was positive and significant at the 5% level. The estimates for controlling job and physical complaints were negative and significant at the 1% level, and those for usage of employee’s ability to work and suitability of the work were negative and significant at the 5% level. As all four operational sites were located in the northeastern region of Japan (cold and snowy in winter), the seasonal effects were significant at the 1% level. The effect of year was also significant and significant differences were observed among the sites at the 1% level.ConclusionSome physical and mental health conditions were strongly associated with long-term absenteeism. By improving these conditions, corporations could reduce the number of employee absence days. As absenteeism was costly for corporations due to replacement employees and their training costs to maintain operations, employers must be concerned about rising healthcare (direct and indirect) costs and implement investments to improve employees’ health conditions.LimitationsThis study’s results were based on only one corporation and the dataset was observatory. The employees were primarily operators working inside the building and most of them are healthy. Therefore, the sample selection biases might exist, and the results cannot be generalized to other types of jobs, working conditions, or companies. As medical checkups and the BJSQ are mandatory for most companies in Japan, the framework of this study can be applied to other companies. Although we used the BJSQ results, better mental measures might exist. Similar analyses for different corporations are necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown by Nawata ( 50 ), the selection of covariates is important. If we do not add the appropriate covariates, we obtain misleading results.…”

Section: Data and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of physical and mental health conditions related to employees’ absenteeism

Nawata

2024

Front. Public Health

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“…There are several classes of antihypertensive medications, including diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, and renin inhibitors. These medications work by different mechanisms, but all aim to reduce blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, decreasing blood volume, or reducing the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [55]. Antihypertensive medications are typically prescribed for individuals with high blood pressure, which is defined as a blood pressure reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher.…”

Section: Antihypertensive Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the Future of Cardiac Wellness: Exploring Revolutionary Approaches in Disease Management and Prevention

Addissouky,

El Tantawy El Sayed,

Ali

et al. 2024

J Clin Cardiol

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective prevention and management strategies are essential to reduce the burden of CVDs. This review summarizes recent advances in the prevention and management of CVDs. In terms of prevention, lifestyle modifications, such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation, remain important strategies. Pharmacological interventions, including statins, antiplatelet agents, and antihypertensive medications, have also shown benefits. Innovative approaches, such as genetic testing and risk stratification, targeted prevention strategies, and the use of mobile health technology, are being explored. In terms of management, acute management strategies, such as reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction, acute heart failure management, and stroke management, have improved outcomes. Chronic management strategies, including medical therapy for heart failure, arrhythmia management, and device therapy for heart failure, have also shown benefits. Innovative approaches, such as precision medicine and personalized treatment, the use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment, and advances in traditional Chinese and regenerative medicine, are being investigated. While recent advances in the prevention and management of CVDs are promising, challenges remain in implementing these strategies, including cost-effectiveness, access to care, and resistance to change in clinical practice. Continued research and innovation are essential to reduce the burden of CVDs and improve patient outcomes.

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“…The selection of appropriate covariates is very important. Nawata [55] showed that SBP was strongly associated with the occurrence of heart disease when the two variables were directly compared. However, the importance of SBP diminished when other covariates were included, suggesting that this relationship may be spurious.…”

Section: Selection Of Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Health Factors Affecting Employees’ Absenteeism: Influences of HDL Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

Nawata¹

2023

Health

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Background: Workers' health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 -0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 -1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.

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Heart diseases, hypertension and effects of antihypertensive medications: Is hypertension a true risk factor of heart diseases?

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of physical and mental health conditions related to employees’ absenteeism

Evaluation of physical and mental health conditions related to employees’ absenteeism

Shaping the Future of Cardiac Wellness: Exploring Revolutionary Approaches in Disease Management and Prevention

An Analysis of Health Factors Affecting Employees’ Absenteeism: Influences of HDL Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

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