Heart ABCA1 and ppar- α genes expression responses in male rats: Effects of high intensity treadmill running training and aqueous extraction of black crataegus-pentaegyna

Abstract

Introduction:Heart as a high metabolic and aerobic tissue is consuming lipid as a fuel for its energy provision at rest during light and moderate exercise, except when lactate level is higher in blood circulation. It has been shown that any type of regular exercise and crataegus species would improve cardiovascular function and minimizes several risk factors via stimulating lipid metabolism by acting on enzymes and genes expression such as ABCA1 and PPAR α which are involving in this process.Materials and Methods:Twenty Wistar male rats (4-6 weeks old, 140-173 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly classified into training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups and then divided into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -training (CPT) groups. Training groups have performed a high-intensity running program (at 34 m/min (0% grade), 60 min/day, 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Animals were orally fed with Crataegus-Pentaegyna extraction (500mg/kg) and saline solution for six weeks. Seventy- two hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed, hearts were excised, cleaned and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until RNA extraction. Plasma also was collected for plasma variable measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using a two way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05.Results:A non-significant (P < 0.4, P < 0.79, respectively) increase in ABCA1 and PPAR α genes expression was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.01, P < 0.04, P < 0.04, respectively) reduction in TC, TG, and VLDL-C levels in Crataegus-Pentaegyna groups.Conclusions:Our findings show that a high intensity treadmill running was able to express ABCA1 and PPAR α in rat heart. Data also possibly indicate that the Crataeguse-Pentaegyna supplementation solely could mimic training effect on the mentioned genes and lipid profiles via different mechanism(s).

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

“…Irisin may modulate the PPARα signaling pathway, a key regulator of lipid metabolism that coordinates fat oxidation through a thermogenesis mechanism (5). Previous studies have reported an increase in PPARα following physical training (26,49,50). It seems practicable that endurance training and resistance training are beneficial in adipose metabolism by elevating the expression of FNDC5 and the subsequent increase in PPARα expression stimulation.…”

“…This solution was incubated at a temperature of 55 o C for 15 minutes and immediately subjected to -80 o C. Subsequently, by the means of a cDNA synthesis kit (BIONEER, Korea), cDNA was synthesized from the RNA. The nucleotide primer sequences of FNDC5 gene (25) and the reference gene (26) are given in Table 1. Real Time PCR was run to measure the level of gene expression and was programmed with an initial step of 5 mins at 95ºC (1 cycle), followed by 40 cycles of 15 seconds at 95ºC and 30 seconds at 60º.…”

The Effect of Aquatic and Dryland Resistance Training on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-ɑ Gene Expression in Middle-aged Women’s Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

“…Previous studies have reported different responses of PPAR α gene expression to different exercises (26)(27)(28)(29)40) (40). Iemitsu et al (2002) found that exercising improves the induction of a decrease in PPAR α levels in the cardiac tissue of elderly mice (41).…”

“…Some researchers have recently focused on the effects of PPARs activities on fat metabolism (24,25) and studied the relationship between physical activities and PPARs gene expression. However, most of these studies were carried out on healthy subjects (26,27) or animal models (28,29), and mainly examined aerobic exercises and reported different results (26,28,29). In one study, Chen et al (2014) reported a significant increase in PPAR-δ gene expression in skeletal muscles (vastus lateralis) after ten weeks of progressive resistance training in young men and women (30).…”

“…In another study, Chen et al (2016) found increased levels of PPAR-δ in skeletal muscles after single-session resistance training in young men and women (31). Regarding the relationship between reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and cardiovascular diseases, the positive effect of physical activities on key factors affecting this process (14,28,32,33) and the role of cardiac rehabilitation in limiting mental and physical effects of the disease, it appears that studying the factors involved in this process-especially the expression of genes and their regulatory mechanisms-can contribute to the prevention or more effective treatments of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, studies on the effects of rehabilitation on cardiac patients can evidently provide us with new information as well as new ways of decreasing mortality in cardiac patients after coronary bypass grafting.…”