Abstract:Hearing thresholds for pure tones from 2 kHz to 28 kHz were measured. A 2AFC procedure combined with a 3-down 1-up transformed up-down method was employed to obtain threshold values that were less affected by listener's criterion of judgment. From some listeners, threshold values of 88 dB SPL or higher were obtained for a tone at 24 kHz, whereas thresholds could not be obtained from all participants at 26 kHz and above. Furthermore, thresholds were also measured under masking by a noise low-pass filtered at 20… Show more
“…[25,60,61] noted that intermodulation distortion may result in aliasing of high frequency content, and [63] remarked on the audibility of the noise floor for 16 bit formats at high listening levels. [23] had participants blindfolded, in order to eliminate visual distractions, and [56], though finding a null result when comparing two high resolution formats, still noted that the strongest results were among participants who conducted the test with headphones.…”
Section: Hypotheses and Disputed Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This has been adapted from [77], with a focus on the types of biases common to these tests. In particular, we are concerned with biases that may be introduced due to the methodology (e.g., the test may be biased towards inability to discriminate high resolution content if listeners are asked to select stimuli closest to "live" without defining "live," as in [72]), the experimental design (e.g., level imbalance as in [45,46] or intermodulation distortion as in [25,60,61] may result in false positive discrimination), or the choice of stimuli (e.g., stimuli may not have contained high resolution content as in [58], or used test signals that may not capture whatever behavior might cause perception of high resolution content, as in [26,59] leading to false …”
Section: Hypotheses and Disputed Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Table 1 provides a near complete listing of all perceptual studies (i.e., listening tests) involving high resolution audio. Studies generally are divided into those focused on [59] Same different [25,26,60,61] 2IFC…”
Section: Identification and Selection Of High Resolution Audio Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Though many argue that this would not be the primary cause of high resolution content perception, it is nevertheless an important question. [36,37,39,40] have investigated this extensively, and with positive results, although it could be subject to further statistical analysis.…”
There is considerable debate over the benefits of recording and rendering high resolution audio, i.e., systems and formats that are capable of rendering beyond CD quality audio. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the ability of test subjects to perceive a difference between high resolution and standard, 16 bit, 44.1 or 48 kHz audio. All 18 published experiments for which sufficient data could be obtained were included, providing a meta-analysis involving over 400 participants in over 12,500 trials. Results showed a small but statistically significant ability of test subjects to discriminate high resolution content, and this effect increased dramatically when test subjects received extensive training. This result was verified by a sensitivity analysis exploring different choices for the chosen studies and different analysis approaches. Potential biases in studies, effect of test methodology, experimental design, and choice of stimuli were also investigated. The overall conclusion is that the perceived fidelity of an audio recording and playback chain can be affected by operating beyond conventional levels.
“…[25,60,61] noted that intermodulation distortion may result in aliasing of high frequency content, and [63] remarked on the audibility of the noise floor for 16 bit formats at high listening levels. [23] had participants blindfolded, in order to eliminate visual distractions, and [56], though finding a null result when comparing two high resolution formats, still noted that the strongest results were among participants who conducted the test with headphones.…”
Section: Hypotheses and Disputed Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This has been adapted from [77], with a focus on the types of biases common to these tests. In particular, we are concerned with biases that may be introduced due to the methodology (e.g., the test may be biased towards inability to discriminate high resolution content if listeners are asked to select stimuli closest to "live" without defining "live," as in [72]), the experimental design (e.g., level imbalance as in [45,46] or intermodulation distortion as in [25,60,61] may result in false positive discrimination), or the choice of stimuli (e.g., stimuli may not have contained high resolution content as in [58], or used test signals that may not capture whatever behavior might cause perception of high resolution content, as in [26,59] leading to false …”
Section: Hypotheses and Disputed Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Table 1 provides a near complete listing of all perceptual studies (i.e., listening tests) involving high resolution audio. Studies generally are divided into those focused on [59] Same different [25,26,60,61] 2IFC…”
Section: Identification and Selection Of High Resolution Audio Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Though many argue that this would not be the primary cause of high resolution content perception, it is nevertheless an important question. [36,37,39,40] have investigated this extensively, and with positive results, although it could be subject to further statistical analysis.…”
There is considerable debate over the benefits of recording and rendering high resolution audio, i.e., systems and formats that are capable of rendering beyond CD quality audio. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the ability of test subjects to perceive a difference between high resolution and standard, 16 bit, 44.1 or 48 kHz audio. All 18 published experiments for which sufficient data could be obtained were included, providing a meta-analysis involving over 400 participants in over 12,500 trials. Results showed a small but statistically significant ability of test subjects to discriminate high resolution content, and this effect increased dramatically when test subjects received extensive training. This result was verified by a sensitivity analysis exploring different choices for the chosen studies and different analysis approaches. Potential biases in studies, effect of test methodology, experimental design, and choice of stimuli were also investigated. The overall conclusion is that the perceived fidelity of an audio recording and playback chain can be affected by operating beyond conventional levels.
“…As a threshold measurement method, two alternative forced choice (2AFC) method is well known and used in many previous studies [4,6,21]. In this study, however, this method needs much time to perform the three kinds of test, and experimental participants are considered to be hard to give an attention to the test.…”
In this study, changes of the absolute threshold of hearing were measured by presenting a previous sound in the contralateral or ipsilateral ear. The sound pressure level (SPL) of a previous sound was 40, 60, or 80 dB to investigate the dependence of the threshold change on the SPL of a previous sound. The previous and test sounds were pure tones at the same frequency of 500 Hz and had a duration of 3 s. The previous sound was presented 0.5 s before presenting the test sound. The threshold changes were obtained by subtracting the threshold with a previous sound from the threshold without a previous sound. As results, the threshold was decreased when the previous sound was presented in the contralateral ear at all previous sound SPLs, and the threshold decrease level became larger significantly as the SPL of the previous sound increased in some experimental subjects. This result shows the threshold decrease phenomenon has a tendency in which the effect is enhanced depending on the previous sound SPL. On the other hand, in the ipsilateral ear, the threshold was increased by presenting the previous sound. And the threshold increase level became smaller significantly as the SPL of the previous sound increased in some subjects.
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