Hearing spirits? Religiosity in individuals at risk for psychosis—Results from the Brazilian SSAPP cohort

Loch, Alexandre Andrade; Freitas, Elder Lanzani; Hortêncio, Lucas; Chianca, Camille; Alves, Tânia Maria; Andrade, Júlio; Bilt, Martinus Theodorus van de; Gattaz, Wagner F.; Rössler, Wulf

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.020

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For example, in some societies (e.g. African, South America, Caribbean), it is reported that people believe that mental illness could be caused either by spirits or supernatural powers [ 40 – 42 ]; hence, such beliefs will inevitably influence help-seeking behaviour [ 43 ]. Third, the variations in the definitions of DUP in our study and some previous studies may also play a part in the lack of ethnic differences in DUP, and this issue was highlighted in a recent systematic review of studies of ethnic differences in DUP [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic variations in duration of untreated psychosis: report from the CRIS-FEP study

Oduola

Craig

Morgan

2020

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Objectives There is inconsistent evidence on the influence of ethnicity on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). We investigated ethnic differences in DUP in a large epidemiological dataset of first episode psychosis patients in an inner city area of south London, UK. Methods We analysed data on 558 first episode psychosis patients at the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, between 2010 and 2012. We performed multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds of a short DUP (≤ 6 months) by ethnic group, controlling for confounders. Results There was no evidence that ethnicity is associated with duration of untreated psychosis. However, we found evidence that a short DUP was strongly associated with age, living circumstances, and pathways to care variables (involuntary admission, out of office hour contact, accident and emergency referral, criminal justice agency referral and family involvement in help-seeking). Conversely, a long DUP was associated with report of social isolation, living alone, being single and General Practitioner referral. Conclusion Our findings suggest that indicators of social isolation were associated with long DUP. Our data also show that pathways into care characteristics play significant role in DUP. Thus, the challenge of tackling the issue of timely access to EI under the new Access and Waiting Time standard for psychosis requires a multilevel approach, including joint working with communities, public awareness of psychosis, less restrictive referral pathways and adequate resourcing of early intervention for psychosis services. These will go a long way in addressing patients' needs rather than be determined by service structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic variations in duration of untreated psychosis: report from the CRIS-FEP study

Oduola

Craig

Morgan

2020

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Analysing both auditory hallucinations and RSEs with the same theoretical lens may be justified in the light of phenomenological overlap and evidence showing similar scores between psychiatric patients and members of religious communities on measures of positive symptoms like "hearing voices" (Andrew et al, 2008;Daalman et al, 2011;Loch et al, 2019). Yet significant differences appear in the literature as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When spirits speak: absorption, attribution, and identity among spiritualists who report “clairaudient” voice experiences

Powell

Moseley

2020

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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For mental health researchers and others committed to a bio-cultural understanding of religious experience, there is a need for empirical studies capable of shedding light on the interplay between beliefs, personalities, and the occurrence of anomalous sensory experiences. Absorption, a trait linked to one's tendency to become immersed in experience or thought, may be key for understanding that relationship. Spiritualist mediums (N = 65) completed an online questionnaire assessing the timing, nature, and frequency of their auditory (clairaudient) spiritual communicationsincluding scales measuring paranormal beliefs, absorption, hallucination-proneness, and aspects of identity. These measures were compared to a general population group (N = 143), with results showing higher levels of auditory hallucination-proneness and absorption among the Spiritualists as well as correlations between spiritual beliefs and absorption, but not spiritual beliefs and hallucination-proneness, for the general population. Findings are discussed in relation to attribution models of religious experience and the complexity of "absorption" as a construct.

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“…A systematic review on the issue found that a large proportion of patients with psychosis use religious healers as their first point of contact for accessing care ( 41 ). Psychotic symptoms are therefore frequently interpreted by the leigh belief as supernatural or religious manifestations—as shown by previous works in Brazil ( 42 ), Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana ( 43 ), and many other countries, for instance ( 42 , 44 , 45 ). This also occurs in individuals with an Islamic background, who may attribute psychotic symptoms to jinn (invisible spirits) ( 46 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Inequality and barriers in psychosis prevention: A systematic review on clinical high-risk for psychosis studies from developing countries

et al. 2023

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BackgroundThe clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) paradigm is one of the best studied preventive paradigms in psychiatry. However, most studies have been conducted in high-income countries. It is unclear if knowledge from such countries applies to low and middle-income countries (LAMIC), and if there are specific limitations hindering CHR research there. Our aim is to systematically review studies on CHR from LAMIC.MethodsA multistep PRISMA-compliant literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science for articles published until 1/03/2022, conducted in LAMIC, addressing the concept and correlates of CHR. Study characteristics as well as limitations were reported. Corresponding authors of the included studies were invited to answer an online poll. Quality assessment was done with the MMAT.ResultsA total of 109 studies were included in the review: none from low-income countries, 8 from lower middle-income countries, and 101 from upper middle-income countries. The most frequent limitations were small sample size (47.9%), cross-sectional design (27.1%), and follow-up issues (20.8%). Mean quality of included studies was of 4.4. Out of the 43 corresponding authors, 12 (27.9%) completed the online poll. They cited further limitations as few financial resources (66.7%), no involvement of population (58.2%) and cultural barriers (41.7%). Seventy five percent researchers reported that CHR research should be conducted differently in LAMIC compared to high-income countries, due to structural and cultural issues. Stigma was mentioned in three out of five sections of the poll.DiscussionResults show the discrepancy of available evidence on CHR in LAMIC, given the shortage of resources in such countries. Future directions should aim to increase the knowledge on individuals at CHR in such settings, and to address stigma and cultural factors that may play a role in the pathways toward care in psychosis.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=316816, CRD42022316816.

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Hearing spirits? Religiosity in individuals at risk for psychosis—Results from the Brazilian SSAPP cohort

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Ethnic variations in duration of untreated psychosis: report from the CRIS-FEP study

Ethnic variations in duration of untreated psychosis: report from the CRIS-FEP study

When spirits speak: absorption, attribution, and identity among spiritualists who report “clairaudient” voice experiences

Inequality and barriers in psychosis prevention: A systematic review on clinical high-risk for psychosis studies from developing countries

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