Hearing impairments, presbycusis and the possible therapeutic interventions

Abstract

The hearing is an important sensation of all living organism to maintain his or her life mainly in human. Any distortion to it leads to hearing impairment. Hearing loss (HL) can be congenital or acquired. It can be syndromic; HL associated with other abnormalities or non-syndromic, HL is not associated with any other anomalies. Hearing impairment have mostly autosomal recessive loci, but can be autosomal dominant, X-linked, and mitochondrial. Acquired HL can be genetic or environmental factors based. Agerelated HL is acquired hearing loss occur in aged population. Its prevalence rate increases with age. Genetic of presbycusis is not well-known, but NAT2*6A polymorphism, SNPs in KCNQ4, grainy head-like 2 gene, Glutamate receptor-7 gene, 4977-bp mt-DNA deletion in human and 4834-bp mtDNA deletion in rodents were identified. Different strains of mice are developed like C57BL/6J, CBA/CaJ, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ and Fisher 344 albino rats mainly used as models to study HL and presbycusis. Like other disorders have complete treatment, but HL cannot be completely treated. However some attempts can be made for its betterment by using hearing aid devices, surgical and pharmaceutical treatments. In future stem cells and gene therapy will be the affective methods to treat congenital hearing impairment and presbycusis.

[Retracted] Identification of Hearing Loss‐Associated Variants of PTPRQ, MYO15A, and SERPINB6 in Pakistani Families

“…As part of our ongoing efforts to ascertain and clinically and genetically characterize Pakistani families with hearing loss [ 14 , 15 ], three new large consanguineous families were enrolled from the Punjab province of Pakistan after approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, and the Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In all affected individuals, HL was observed from birth, except for the affected individuals of family GCFHL-01 who had progressive HL and were diagnosed after 4-5 years of age.…”

Audiometric Characteristics of Presbycusis: A Hospital-Based Study

“…8 Hussain B et al in a local study noted that with already high prevalence of presbycusis and increase in ageing population in coming decades, it is expected to rise significantly and can become a critical issue for the elderly community. 9 With a dearth of research on presbycusis in Pakistan and an increasing population with longevity as a universal trend along with a lack of organized screening, preventive and management options for the aging population, it might become a burden for the economy by increasing the less productive and partially disabled population.…”

A Prospective Observational Study of Temporalis Fascia with Tragal Perichondrium as Graft Material in Type I Tympanoplasty

“…The long axis of the bony labyrinth, measuring 20 mm in length, roughly parallels the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid. Its components are the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea [17]. The vestibule:…”