Hearing aids and their performance

International Management in a Free-Standing Company: The Penang Sugar Estates, Ltd., and the Malayan Sugar Industry, 1851–1914

“…The firm's persistent desire to expand its sugar holdings ran into conflict after 1896 with government irrigation schemes, and, after 1913, with the Malay Reservations Enactment of 1913, which barred non-Malays from acquiring land in areas designated for Malays. 72 More critically, declining international sugar prices during the 1890s and effective competition from sugar producers in Java, Cuba, Hawaii, and Fiji encouraged the company to explore other products and, finally, to shift completely from sugar to rubber cultivation in the period from 1905 to 1910. 73 By the end of its run as a sugar producer, the company had abandoned its emphasis on sugar monoculture with cultivation under its exclusive control.…”