Hearing

Nummela, Sirpa; Yamato, Maya

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804327-1.00148-5

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…From a functional point of view, compared to the terrestrial configuration, the augmentation of the cone's height increases the efficiency of sound transmission, especially the energy, to the ossicular chain -14- (Koike et al 2001;Fay et al 2006). The presence of a conical tympanic membrane, therefore, was probably not affecting terrestrial hearing in this semi-aquatic cetacean (contra Luo & Gingerich 1999;Nummela & Yamato 2018).…”

Section: Morphology and Function Of The Tympanic Membrane In Um-kpg-m 73mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Lillie 1910;Fraser & Purves 1960a, b;Fleischer 1973;Lancaster 1990;Luo 1998;Ekdale et al 2011;Rehorek et al 2019). The presence of the conical process on protocetids' tympanic bullae led some authors to conclude that their tympanic membranes were of modern cetacean type, which hindered their aerial sound perception (Luo & Gingerich 1999;Nummela & Yamato 2018). Nevertheless, this inference is essentially based on the fact that, during ontogeny, the emergence of the tympanic ligament is correlated with that of the conical process along with the degeneration of the tympanic ring (e.g.…”

Section: Morphology and Function Of The Tympanic Membrane In Um-kpg-m 73mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among modern cetaceans, the tympanic plate of both odontocetes (e.g. Bullock et al 1968;McCormick et al 1970;Cranford et al 2010;Ryabov 2016) and mysticetes (Yamato et al 2012(Yamato et al , 2014Yamato & Pyenson 2015;Nummela & Yamato 2018;Tubelli et al 2018) are associated with fatty tissue. In detail, this fatty tissue is divided in several branches, among which, two connect the tympanic plate: a small and conical dorsal branch and a large ventral branch (Ketten 1994;Cranford et al 2010;Yamato et al 2012).…”

Section: Morphology Of the Fatty Tissue In Um-kpg-mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could also be the case for mysticetes (i.e. baleen whales; Yamato et al 2012Yamato et al , 2014Yamato & Pyenson 2015;Nummela & Yamato 2018). Commonly referred as fat pad, this soft tissue contacts a very thin part of the auditory bulla named the tympanic plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dwelling in an ecological niche where light fades faster than in the air (Kröger 2008), the neocetes (i.e. extant whales) live principally in an underwater world of sound (Ketten 1994;Tyack 1999;Wartzok & Ketten 1999;Mooney et al 2012;Yamato et al 2014;Ary et al 2016;Nummela & Yamato 2018) and possess complex acoustic communication systems (e.g. Payne & McVay 1971;Rendell & Whitehead 2003;Eriksen et al 2005;King & Janik 2013;Gero et al 2016;López-Marulanda et al 2017;Allen et al 2018;Rossi-Santos 2018;Stafford et al 2018;Martin et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual sound reception apparatus in protocetid whales

Mourlam¹

2021

Preprint

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Modern cetaceans dwell in an underwater world of sound. Due to the specific physico-acoustic conditions inherent in the aquatic environment, sound reception pathway in modern whales drastically differs from that of land mammals and implies deep modification of their external acoustic apparatus. To fathom the implementation of this underwater hearing system, the rare data on the auditory region of early whales are paramount. Among them, previous studies on protocetid auditory region highlighted the presence of two potential acoustic portals on the lateral wall of the bulla: a tympanic ring and a tympanic plate. Through an anatomical survey, I explore the external sound reception apparatus of a protocetid whale and discuss the functionality of these two sound portals. The study of the tympanic ring, allow me to propose a reconstruction of the tympanic membrane of this early whale, suggesting that this structure was functional for aerial hearing. 3D investigation of the bone thickness of the bulla reveals the presence of homologous areas of reduced thickness within the tympanic plate of protocetid and modern cetaceans, highlighting a common functioning of this structure for underwater hearing. Thus, this detailed anatomical survey of the lateral wall of a protocetid tympanic bulla confirms the functionality of the two contiguous acoustic portals and sheds new light on the sound transmission mechanism in these early whales.

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Section: Morphology and Function Of The Tympanic Membrane In Um-kpg-m 73mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Morphology and Function Of The Tympanic Membrane In Um-kpg-m 73mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphology Of the Fatty Tissue In Um-kpg-mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual sound reception apparatus in protocetid whales

Mourlam¹

2021

Preprint

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A field study of chemical senses in bottlenose dolphins and pilot whales

Bouchard

Barnagaud

Verborgh

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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For most marine vertebrates, chemical cues provide crucial information during navigation and foraging, but their use by cetaceans is still poorly understood. In contrast to baleen whales, toothed whales (odontocetes) are scarcely equipped for chemoreception: they lack the conventional anatomical structures (i.e., olfactory epithelium, nerves and bulbs) involved in olfaction and have reduced taste buds on the tongue. Several behavioral studies have however shown that captive dolphins can perceive chemical solutions, including odorants, in their oral cavity. To investigate whether odontocetes could use infochemicals in their foraging ecology, we implemented a behavioral response experiment in wild bottlenose dolphins and long-finned pilot whales. We tested dimethyl sulfide (DMS) as a potentially attractive stimulus since it is a chemical signature of highly productive marine areas, known to attract several marine predators including fishes and seabirds.We assessed cetacean responses to DMS exposure by analyzing their movements and surface behaviors recorded by onboard observers. In both species, results did not reveal any significant attraction or behavioral reaction toward DMS when compared to a control chemical stimulus, apart from a short-distance response in bottlenose dolphins. These results suggest that while odontocetes may perceive DMS in water, it apparently does not play a significant role in their foraging ecology. Testing potentially more attractive compounds such as prey extracts with the present method and analyzing surface, underwater and acoustic responses would provide further insights on odontocete feeding behavior. It would also provide valuable clues to studies on the anatomical structures involved in their chemosenses.

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Review of sensory modalities of sirenians and the other extant Paenungulata clade

Moore

Hartstone‐Rose

Gonzalez‐Socoloske

2021

The Anatomical Record

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Extant members of Paenungulata (sirenians, proboscideans, and hyracoideans) form a monophyletic clade which originated in Africa. While paenungulates are all herbivorous, they differ greatly in size, life history, and habitat. Therefore, we would expect both phylogenetically related similarities and ecologically driven differences in their use and specializations of sensory systems, especially in adaptations in sirenians related to their fully aquatic habitat. Here we review what is known about the sensory modalities of this clade in an attempt to better elucidate their sensory adaptations. Manatees have a higher frequency range for hearing than elephants, who have the best low‐frequency hearing range known to mammals, while the hearing range of hyraxes is unknown. All paenungulates have vibrissae assisting in tactile abilities such as feeding and navigating the environment and share relatively small eyes and dichromatic vision. Taste buds are present in varying quantities in all three orders. While the olfactory abilities of manatees and hyraxes are unknown, elephants have an excellent sense of smell which is reflected by having the relatively largest cranial nerve related to olfaction among the three lineages. Manatees have the relatively largest trigeminal nerve—the nerve responsible for, among other things, mystacial vibrissae—while hyraxes have the relatively largest optic nerve (and therefore, presumably, the best vision) among the Paenungulata. All three orders have diverged significantly; however, they still retain some anatomical and physiological adaptations in common with regard to sensory abilities.

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Hearing

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Dual sound reception apparatus in protocetid whales

Dual sound reception apparatus in protocetid whales

A field study of chemical senses in bottlenose dolphins and pilot whales

Review of sensory modalities of sirenians and the other extant Paenungulata clade

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