Healthy eating index and anthropometric status in young children: A cross-sectional study

Askari, Mohammadreza; Daneshzad, Elnaz; Naghshi, Sina; Bellissimo, Nick; Suitor, Katherine; Azadbakht, Leila

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.030

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) [ 23 ] and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), updated in 2015 (HEI-2015) [ 24 , 25 ] are some of the most widely used diet quality indices to assess adherence to dietary guidelines in Americans. However, many studies worldwide have used it [ 14 , 26 , 27 ]. Spain is one of the countries in which the DASH and HEI have been used in both adult and child populations [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Patterns with Insulin Resistance in Schoolchildren

et al. 2022

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Background: Diet quality patterns are associated with a lower incidence of insulin resistance (IR) in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between two diet quality indices and IR in schoolchildren and to identify the best diet quality index associated with a lower risk of IR. Methods: A total of 854 schoolchildren (8–13 years) were included in a cross-sectional study, who completed a three-day dietary record to assess their diet. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were also measured, and anthropometric data were collected. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and adjusted DASH (aDASH) were calculated as diet quality indices. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used, and IR was defined as HOMA-IR > 3.16. Results: The prevalence of IR was 5.5%, and it was higher in girls. The mean HEI-2015 and DASH scores were 59.3 and 23.4, respectively, and boys scored lower in both indices. In girls, having a HEI-2015 score above the 33rd percentile was associated with a lower risk of IR (odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.19–0.96], p = 0.020). Conclusion: Greater adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, as assessed by a higher HEI-2015 score, was associated with a lower risk of IR in schoolchildren, especially in girls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Patterns with Insulin Resistance in Schoolchildren

et al. 2022

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“…The main finding of the present study was that a significant association between the HEI-2015 score and different parameters of body composition in male soccer players and referees was found; however, we were not able to find such an association among female soccer players or referees. While some studies have found non-significant associations between HEI scores with measures of body composition (24,42) , other studies have found significant associations (25)(26)(27)(28) , highlighting the equivocality in the literature. As the present study was conducted during the early stage of the 2019-20 competitive season, the pre-season training or preparedness for the main season may, at least partly, explain broadly null findings between the HEI-2015 score and different measures of body composition in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several studies have been published on the association of single nutrients or energy and macronutrient intake and the performance of athletic populations (20)(21)(22) . Although several studies investigated the association between the HEI and body composition among children (23,24) and healthy nonathletic adults (25)(26)(27)(28) , to the best of our knowledge, no single study has investigated the association of the HEI-2015 score with body composition among both male and female soccer players and referees before. Different genetics of Iranians, Iranian traditional dishes and differences in their cooking methods and also higher physical activity level and nutritional knowledge among athletic v. non-athletic populations (29)(30)(31) are among key determinants that can affect body composition and distinguish athletic and non-athletic populations and these differences clarify the novelty of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) score and body composition among Iranian soccer players and referees: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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For an optimal performance, soccer players and referees need to consume a high-quality diet. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a tool that can estimate diet quality and has been shown to be associated with body composition. The aims of the present study were first to determine the HEI-2015 score of the diets consumed by athletes and second its association with different body composition parameters of athletes. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 198 soccer players and referees. Dietary intakes were recorded using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and HEI scores were calculated. Body composition parameters were measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis. The mean score for the HEI-2015 was 65⋅04. A multiple linear regression model showed significant associations of the HEI-2015 score with percent body fat (PBF), percent muscle mass (PMM), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in male soccer players aged <18 years, body mass index (BMI) in male soccer players aged ≥18 years and BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in male soccer referees after adjustment for covariates (P < 0⋅05). The mean overall score for the HEI-2015 shows that Iranian soccer players and referees have an acceptable quality of diet. We also found significant associations between the HEI-2015 score and different body composition parameters in male soccer players and referees but we did not find any significant association in female athletes (P > 0⋅05).

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“…Bekelman et al found an inverse relationship between HEI 2010 score at age 10 and BMI trajectory over 6 years [22]. Conversely, in a study of 6-year-old children in Tehran, Iran, Askari et al found that children in the highest tertile of HEI score (using HEI 2015) were more likely to be overweight [23]. Tester et al examined 1999-2014 NHANES data for 2-5-year-old children and did not observe any significant difference in energy intake or diet quality for children with severe obesity compared with children with a healthy weight [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Few Differences in Energy Intake and Diet Quality of Children and Adolescents across BMI Categories, with and without Accounting for Underreporters: NHANES 2005–2014

Watowicz

Hand

2022

Dietetics

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Previous studies of the relationship between energy intake and child weight have shown mixed results and have largely not described differences in diet quality or the impact of underreporting. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary intake and childhood obesity by assessing energy intake and diet quality across BMI categories for 2–19-year-old children before and after excluding underreporters. Energy intake and the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI) were studied for 2–19-year-old children using data from 2005–2014 NHANES. Underreporters were defined as children consuming <100% of their predicted resting energy expenditure (REE) and were excluded from some analyses. There were no statistically significant differences in HEI scores across weight categories; mean HEI total score was 47.1 (SE 0.23) out of a possible 100. When considering all 12–19-year-old children, those in the overweight, obesity, and severe obesity categories had a lower mean energy intake than children in the healthy weight category (p < 0.001). Excluding underreporters, 6–11-year-old children in the overweight, obesity, and severe obesity categories had a higher energy intake than healthy weight children (p < 0.001). In both analyses, children in the overweight, obesity, and severe obesity categories reported consuming a lower % REE than healthy weight children. Diet quality in all children is low, and the relationship between reported energy intake and BMI remains complex. Healthy eating messages should target all children.

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Healthy eating index and anthropometric status in young children: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Patterns with Insulin Resistance in Schoolchildren

Association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Patterns with Insulin Resistance in Schoolchildren

The association between the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) score and body composition among Iranian soccer players and referees: a cross-sectional study

Few Differences in Energy Intake and Diet Quality of Children and Adolescents across BMI Categories, with and without Accounting for Underreporters: NHANES 2005–2014

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