Healthy dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease in US Hispanics/Latinos: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Abstract

Background Multiple dietary patterns haven been recommended by 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The adherence to these patterns and its relationship with risk of CVD remain unclear in the US Hispanic/Latino population. Objectives We aimed to evaluate three healthy eating patterns measured by three dietary pattern scores (the Alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and the healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI)) across different Hispanic/Latino backgrounds and generations. We further examined the associations of these dietary scores with incident CVD in US Hispanics/Latinos. Methods We included 10,293 adult participants of US Hispanics/Latinos of six backgrounds (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central American and South American), free of CVD or cancer at baseline, in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Dietary pattern scores were derived at the baseline visit using two 24-hour dietary recalls. The primary outcome was the major incident CVD (n = 232), comprised of coronary heart disease and stroke, during an average 6-year follow-up. Results Mean levels of all three dietary scores were significantly different across 6 Hispanic/Latino background groups (all P < 0.001), with highest (i.e., healthiest) in those of Mexican background and lowest in those of Puerto Rican background. Compared to non-mainland-US-born Hispanics/Latinos, mainland-US-born Hispanics/Latinos had significantly lower dietary scores (P < 0.001). Differences in dietary scores between mainland-US-born and non-mainland-US-born Hispanics/Latinos were majorly driven by differences in dietary intakes of healthy plant-based foods. After adjusting for multiple covariates, significantly lower risk ratios (95% CI) of CVD were observed for one standard deviation increment of the dietary scores, with 0.74 (0.60,0.91) for aMED, 0.80 (0.63,1.00) for HEI-2015, and 0.74 (0.60,0.93) for hPDI. Conclusions Although adherence to healthy eating patterns varies by Hispanic/Latino backgrounds and generations, greater adherence to these eating patterns is associated with lower risk of CVD across diverse US Hispanics/Latinos.

Association of Healthful Plant-based Diet Adherence With Risk of Mortality and Major Chronic Diseases Among Adults in the UK

“…Our findings are generally in line with those from previous US studies on hPDI and uPDI in relation to myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, CVD mortality, and total mortality . Importantly, we observed that inverse associations between the hPDI and CVD end points (total CVD, myocardial infarction, and stroke) were independent of genetic disease risk.…”

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“…Bu çalışmada enerjiden bağımsız olarak besin tüketimine dayalı bütüncül bir yaklaşım içerisinde geliştirilmiş diyet kalite indeksleri ile "fast food" tüketimi arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Yapılan bazı araştırmalarda, en fazla tercih edilen ve farklı hesaplama algoritmasına ve yönlere sahip olan PREDIMED ve HEI-2015'e yüksek bağlılık olumlu sağlık ile ilişkilendirilmiştir (33,34). Yapılan kesitsel bir araştırmada, "fast food" tüketmeyen katılımcıların tüketen- (23).…”

Association between regional dietary patterns and cardiovascular health status among elderly in China

“…Studies have found that a good dietary pattern could reduce the incidence and mortality of CVD, diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases [7,8], and most diet-related deaths were caused by CVD, T2D and cancer [9]. Good dietary pattern has become the basis for the current treatment of CVD, as well as an extremely important link in the primary prevention of this disease [10].…”