“Healthy” Correlates of MCMI Scales 4, 5, 6, and 7

The Influence of Personality Disorders on Treatment Completion in a Hierarchical Therapeutic Community for Drug Abusers: A Prospective Study

“…Such a change from introversion to extroversion over a period of 12 months was also found in another study of treatment of drug addicts [34], An increase in the dramatic scales of the MCMI in a study of treatment of psychiatric inpatients was also interpreted as an indication of that patients at discharge were less withdrawn, introverted and depen dent [35]. These findings are in line with the results from two other studies using the MCMI, one of a psychiatric 184 Ravndal/Vaglum Drug Abuse and Personality population [36] and the other of both a patient population and a nonclinical group [37], The present study is not without limitations. Firstly, the MCMI and BCI are self-report instruments, and a structured diagnostic interview would have increased the reliability of the diagnostic evaluation.…”

Personality and personality disorder: current issues and directions

“…While maladaptivity is defined in DSM-IV as ' clinically significant impairment ', maladaptivity appears to be a relative concept, potentially present or absent and varying in degree. It is also unlikely that all traits are problematical within all possible circumstances (Leaf et al 1990). The same degree of tough-minded antagonism that is maladaptive in some situations will be adaptive in others.…”

Effects of client personality on dominance and affiliation during early sessions of rational-emotive psychotherapy

“…The chronic axis II disorders are thought to be diatheses that underlie predispositions to, and modulate expressions of, the acute axis I clinical syndromes (American Psychiatric Association, 1980;American Psychiatric Association, 1987;American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Surprisingly, we have previously shown that the traits that underlie axis II disorders function not only as diatheses that foster the emergence of certain axis I syndromes, but also as hardiness factors that can reduce or prevent them (Leaf, DiGiuseppe, Ellis, Wolfe, Yeager, and Alington, 1987;Leaf, DiGiuseppe, Ellis, Mass, Backx, Wolfe, and Alington, 1990). A series of studies at the IRET found that traits linked to stimulation-seeking seem to have such qualities.…”

“…Six of the DSM-III personality disorders, as well as their sub-clinical underlying traits (measured by associate MCMI scales), seemed to comprise consistent diatheses for axis I disorders. Three of these apparent diathrese were in the "anxious or fearful" subcategory (avoidant, dependent, and passive-aggressive), two were in the "odd or peculiar" subcategory (schizoid and schizotypal) and one (borderline) was in the "emotional and dramatic" subcategory (Leaf, DiGiuseppe, Ellis, Mass, Backx, Wolfe, and Alington, 1990).…”

“…In that respect, this study differs from most previous studies of relationships between intake MCMI measures and various other aspects of the lives of IRET clients. With a single exception , those studies were either (a) retrospective both in a historical sense and from the standpoint of design, using recall of past events as a dependent variable (Leaf, Alington, Mass, DiGiuseppe, and Ellis, 1991), or (b) retrospective in a historical sense and concurrent from the standpoint of design, comparing intake MCMI measures with intake measures of mental health (Leaf, DiGiuseppe, Ellis, Mass, Backx, Wolfe, and Alington, 1990), rationality or social problems (Leaf, Alington, Ellis, DiGiuseppe, and Mass, 1992), as dependent variables. It is important to note that, although it is based on old records, the design of the present study is, in principle, a prospective one; the MCMI scores were collected first, at treatment intake, and the session tapes were collected two weeks later.…”