Healthy ageing, the genome and the environment

Christensen, Kaare

doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.79

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Second, despite different definitions and opinion regarding the concept of healthy aging, the clinical and biochemical data on centenarians showed that they can be considered as a paradigm of healthy aging as they avoid or largely postpone all major age-related diseases ( Andersen et al, 2012 ). Thus, healthy aging and exceptional longevity (people who live more than 100 years) are deeply related ( Christensen and McGue, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of semi-supercentenarians

Garagnani

Marquis

Delledonne

et al. 2021

eLife

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Extreme longevity is the paradigm of healthy aging as individuals who reached the extreme decades of human life avoided or largely postponed all major age-related diseases. In this study, we sequenced at high coverage (90X) the whole genome of 81 semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians [105+/110+] (mean age: 106.6 ± 1.6) and of 36 healthy unrelated geographically matched controls (mean age 68.0 ± 5.9) recruited in Italy. The results showed that 105+/110+ are characterized by a peculiar genetic background associated with efficient DNA repair mechanisms, as evidenced by both germline data (common and rare variants) and somatic mutations patterns (lower mutation load if compared to younger healthy controls). Results were replicated in a second independent cohort of 333 Italian centenarians and 358 geographically matched controls. The genetics of 105+/110+ identified DNA repair and clonal haematopoiesis as crucial players for healthy aging and for the protection from cardiovascular events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of semi-supercentenarians

Garagnani

Marquis

Delledonne

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…3 Gene Loc = location of CpG site relative to coding gene. 4 CGI = CpG island. 5 IGR = Intergenic region.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Epigenetic Changes In Individuals With Long and Short Durations Of Schoolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological and social environmental factors influence the development and life expectancy of the average human being [1,2]. The current investigations are centered on the impact of different environmental exposures at different stages of life, including those involved in aging and the manifestation of age-related diseases [3][4][5][6][7]. In this sense, studies have identified a crosslink between early-life adverse conditions and the reduction of life expectancy and "healthspan" [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Years of Schooling Could Reduce Epigenetic Aging: A Study of a Mexican Cohort

Gómez-Verján

Esparza-Aguilar

Martín-Martín

et al. 2021

Genes

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Adverse conditions in early life, including environmental, biological and social influences, are risk factors for ill-health during aging and the onset of age-related disorders. In this context, the recent field of social epigenetics offers a valuable method for establishing the relationships among them However, current clinical studies on environmental changes and lifespan disorders are limited. In this sense, the Tlaltizapan (Mexico) cohort, who 52 years ago was exposed to infant malnutrition, low income and poor hygiene conditions, represents a vital source for exploring such factors. Therefore, in the present study, 52 years later, we aimed to explore differences in clinical/biochemical/anthropometric and epigenetic (DNA methylation) variables between individuals from such a cohort, in comparison with an urban-raised sample. Interestingly, only cholesterol levels showed significant differences between the cohorts. On the other hand, individuals from the Tlaltizapan cohort with more years of schooling had a lower epigenetic age in the Horvath (p-value = 0.0225) and PhenoAge (p-value = 0.0353) clocks, compared to those with lower-level schooling. Our analysis indicates 12 differentially methylated sites associated with the PI3-Akt signaling pathway and galactose metabolism in individuals with different durations of schooling. In conclusion, our results suggest that longer durations of schooling could promote DNA methylation changes that may reduce epigenetic age; nevertheless, further studies are needed.

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“…Besides genetic and lifestyle factors, environmental (climate) conditions are relevant modulators of mortality and associated life expectancy [1][2][3][4][5]. Environmental conditions, i.e., barometric pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, temperature, ultra-violet (UV) radiation, and air pollution, change characteristically with varying altitudes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Altitude Residence Reduces Male Colorectal and Female Breast Cancer Mortality More Than Incidence: Therapeutic Implications?

Burtscher

Millet

Renner-Sattler

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Background: Living at moderate altitude may be associated with health benefits, including reduced mortality from male colorectal and female breast cancer. We aimed to determine altitude-dependent incidence and mortality rates of those cancers and put them in the context of altitude-associated lifestyle differences. Methods: Incidence cases and deaths of male colorectal cancer (n = 17,712 and 7462) and female breast cancer (n = 33,803 and 9147) from altitude categories between 250 to about 2000 m were extracted from official Austrian registries across 10 years (2008–2017). Altitude-associated differences in health determinants were derived from the Austrian Health Interview Survey (2014). Results: The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of male colorectal cancer decreased by 24.0% and 44.2%, and that of female breast cancer by 6.5% and 26.2%, respectively, from the lowest to the highest altitude level. Higher physical activity levels and lower body mass index for both sexes living at higher altitudes were found. Conclusions: Living at a moderate altitude was associated with a reduced incidence and (more pronounced) mortality from colorectal and breast cancer. Our results suggest a complex interaction between specific climate conditions and lifestyle behaviours. These observations may, in certain cases, support decision making when changing residence.

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Healthy ageing, the genome and the environment

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of semi-supercentenarians

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of semi-supercentenarians

Years of Schooling Could Reduce Epigenetic Aging: A Study of a Mexican Cohort

Moderate Altitude Residence Reduces Male Colorectal and Female Breast Cancer Mortality More Than Incidence: Therapeutic Implications?

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