Healthful eating patterns, serum metabolite profile and risk of diabetes in a population-based prospective study of US Hispanics/Latinos

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis We aimed to evaluate associations of multiple recommended dietary patterns (i.e. the alternate Mediterranean diet [aMED], the Healthy Eating Index [HEI]-2015 and the healthful Plant-based Diet Index [hPDI]) with serum metabolite profile, and to examine dietary-pattern-associated metabolites in relation to incident diabetes. Methods We included 2842 adult participants free from diabetes, CVD and cancer during baseline recruitment of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Metabolomics profiling of fasting serum was performed using an untargeted approach. Dietary pattern scores were derived using information collected by two 24 h dietary recalls. Dietary-patternassociated metabolites were identified using multivariable survey linear regressions and their associations with incident diabetes were assessed using multivariable survey Poisson regressions with adjustment for traditional risk factors. Results We identified eight metabolites (mannose, γ/β-tocopherol, N1-methylinosine, pyrraline and four amino acids) that were inversely associated with all dietary scores. These metabolites were detrimentally associated with various cardiometabolic risk traits, especially insulinresistance.Ascorecomprisedofthesemetaboliteswasassociatedwithelevatedriskofdiabetes(RR per SD 1.54[95%CI1.29,1.83]), and this detrimental association appeared to be attenuated or eliminated by having a higher score for aMED (p interaction = 0.0001), HEI-2015 (p interaction = 0.020) or hPDI (p interaction = 0.023). For example, RR (95% CI) of diabetes for each SD increment in the metabolite score was 1.99 (1.44, 2.37), 1.67 (1.17, 2.38) and 1.08 (0.86, 1.34) across the lowest to the highest tertile of aMED score, respectively. Conclusions/interpretation Various recommended dietary patterns were inversely related to a group of metabolites that were associated with elevated risk of diabetes. Adhering to a healthful eating pattern may attenuate or eliminate the detrimental association between metabolically unhealthy serum metabolites and risk of diabetes.

Metabolite Signature of Life’s Essential 8 and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Low-Income Black and White Americans

“…Our identified MetaSig consists of metabolites reflecting participants' alignment with LE8 health behaviors and metabolic health status, majority of which are lipids and amino acids, and many of them have been linked to diet, [12][13][14][15][16] physical activity, [17][18][19] smoking, [20][21][22] sleep, [23][24][25][26] obesity, 27,28,33 or composite lifestyles scores [34][35][36][37] in previous studies. For example (2,4 or 2,5)-dimethylphenol sulfate, tartronate, and ethyl beta-glucopyranoside are derived from plant-based foods; cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine from tobacco smoking; cholesterol, sphingomyelin, cortisol, and 1-palmitoleoylglycerolare are related to blood lipids; mannose, metformin, and fructosyllysine are related to prevalent diabetes and *For associations of LE8 score and its related metabolite signature with risk of CHD, we used the conditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, education, income, alcohol intake, family history of CHD.…”

“…In addition, circulating metabolites related to LE8 may capture varied individual metabolic responses to LE8, providing novel mechanistic insights into its cardioprotective effects and informing precision medicine. While previous studies have identified metabolites related to the components of LE8, including diet, [12][13][14][15][16] physical activity, [17][18][19] tobacco exposure, [20][21][22] sleep, [23][24][25][26] and body mass index, 27,28 to our knowledge, no study has applied untargeted plasma metabolomics to identify a comprehensive metabolite signature (MetaSig) for LE8 to enable studies with incident CHD. Given that those health behaviors and factors often correlate and interact with each other, investigating whether plasma metabolomics could provide a good objective assessment of individuals' alignment with and metabolic responses to overall LE8 and uncovering potential pathways linking LE8 to incident CHD is highly warranted.…”

Dietary patterns, metabolomics and frailty in a large cohort of 120 000 participants

“…Previous studies have shown that people with different dietary patterns have different metabolomic biomarkers (e.g., triglycerides, quinic acid, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol and 1-methylhistamine) that may be influenced by diet. 8,[17][18][19][20] Recent evidence also highlights that several metabolites (e.g., glycoprotein acetyls, creatinine and several lipoprotein lipids) are associated with frailty. 21 Thus, the question of whether metabolomics partially mediate the associations between dietary patterns and frailty is of great interest but remains unexplored.…”

“…, triglycerides, quinic acid, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol and 1-methylhistamine) that may be influenced by diet. 8,17–20 Recent evidence also highlights that several metabolites ( e.g. , glycoprotein acetyls, creatinine and several lipoprotein lipids) are associated with frailty.…”

Plasma metabolomic profiling of dietary patterns associated with glucose metabolism status: The Maastricht Study

“…In recent years, high-throughput metabolomics techniques have been developed for the quantification of an individual’s comprehensive metabolites profile, making it eligible to objectively measure the dietary biomarkers, which could help to reveal the response to nutritional changes and further identify the early onset of metabolic diseases [ 12 , 13 ].…”