Healthcare utilization and cost of pneumococcal disease in the United States

Huang, Susan S.; Johnson, Kristen; Ray, G. Thomas; Wroe, Peter; Lieu, Tracy A.; Moore, Matthew R.; Zell, Elizabeth R.; Linder, Jeffrey A.; Grijalva, Carlos G.; Metlay, Joshua P.; Finkelstein, Jonathan A.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.088

Cited by 256 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a significant cause of disease and death, particularly in young children and older adults [4]. Age, race, and the presence of comorbid conditions are well-recognized risk factors for IPD; with the very young and elderly, black individuals, and those with comorbid conditions having higher IPD rates than those without these characteristics [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Sex Disparities in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in the Conjugate Vaccine Era

Maurice¹,

Schaffner

Griffin

et al. 2016

J Infect Dis.

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Background. Few studies have characterized the role of sex on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We examined sex differences in rates of IPD, and trends after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).Methods. We used active population and laboratory-based IPD surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Active Bacterial Core surveillance program (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) in Tennessee. Population-based rates of IPD by sex, race, age group, and PCV era were calculated. Rates were compared using incidence rate ratios.Results. Throughout the study years, rates of IPD were higher in male than in female subjects, particularly in children <2 years and adults 40-64 years of age, with male subjects having IPD rates 1.5-2 times higher than female subjects. The proportions of comorbid conditions were similar in male and female subjects . Sex rate differences persisted after stratification by race. Although the introductions of 7-valent PCV (PCV7) and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) were associated with declines in IPD rates in both sexes, rates of IPD after PCV13 were still significantly higher in male than in female subjects among children and adults 40-64 and >74 years of age.Conclusions. Rates of IPD were generally higher in male than in female subjects. These sex differences were observed in different race groups and persisted after introduction of both PCVs.

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confidence: 99%

Persistent Sex Disparities in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in the Conjugate Vaccine Era

Maurice¹,

Schaffner

Griffin

et al. 2016

J Infect Dis.

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“…Although invasive pneumococcal disease is much less prevalent than noninvasive disease, it confers significant mortality risk (up to 10% for meningitis and 15% for bacteremia), and survivors can be left with significant sequelae (2). Furthermore, given the widespread use of empiric antibiotics and frequent lack of timely culture or urinary antigen data, the true burden of primary and invasive pneumococcal disease may be significantly underestimated (3).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal Vaccination Strategies. An Update and Perspective

et al. 2016

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important global pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical disease in children and adults. Pneumococcal pneumonia is by far the common presentation of noninvasive and invasive pneumococcal disease and affects the young, the elderly, and the immunocompromised disproportionately. Patients with chronic pulmonary diseases are also at higher risk for pneumococcal infections. Substantial progress over the century has been made in the understanding of pneumococcal immunobiology and the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease through vaccination. Currently, two pneumococcal vaccines are available for individuals at risk of pneumococcal disease: the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and the 13-valent pneumococcal protein-conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The goal of pneumococcal vaccination is to stimulate effective antipneumococcal antibody and mucosal immunity response and immunological memory. Vaccination of infants and young children with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has led to significant decrease in nasal carriage rates and pneumococcal disease in all age groups. Recent pneumococcal vaccine indication and schedule recommendations on the basis of age and risk factors are outlined in this Focused Review. As new pneumococcal vaccine recommendations are being followed, continued efforts are needed to address the vaccine efficacy in the waning immunity of the ever-aging population, the implementation of vaccines using two different vaccines under very specific schedules and their real world clinical and cost effectiveness, and the development of next generation pneumococcal vaccines.

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“…8 A number of additional reviews confirm the enormous clinical and economic burden caused by CAP in North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific region, Latin America, and elsewhere, 2, 13-15 with pneumococcal disease per se having been documented to carry high economic costs in the United States and in Europe. 8,16 There have certainly been changes in the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults in the era of paediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, with their use in children certainly having benefitted older adults (decreases in the incidence of IPD in adults > 50 years of age), indirectly through herd protection, more so in healthier persons than in adults with certain comorbid conditions.…”

Section: It Is Clearly Evident From a Number Of Recent Reviews That Imentioning

confidence: 99%