Healthcare policies, precautionary measures and outcomes of mass gathering events in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: Expedited review

Alahmari, Ahmed; Khan, Anas; Alamri, Fahad; Almuzaini, Yasir; Habash, Alia K.; Jokhdar, Hani

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.026

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…First, the emergence of COVID-19 as a global threat has prompted rapid research in various healthcare fields worldwide. However, existing robust approaches in the clinical field are limited to identifying and solving problems quickly and efficiently in complex pandemic situations [47]. Therefore, we believe that conducting a study to quantitatively analyze trends in negative social emotions during a pandemic related to recent events would be beneficial in supplementing clinical research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of fear and anger on YouTube during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea

Lee,

Kim,

Lee

2024

BMC Public Health

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has been the most widespread and threatening health crisis experienced by the Korean society. Faced with an unprecedented threat to survival, society has been gripped by social fear and anger, questioning the culpability of this pandemic. This study explored the correlation between social cognitions and negative emotions and their changes in response to the severe events stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. Methods The analysis was based on a cognitive-emotional model that links fear and anger to the social causes that trigger them and used discursive content from comments posted on YouTube’s COVID-19-related videos. A total of 182,915 comments from 1,200 videos were collected between January and December 2020. We performed data analyses and visualizations using R, Netminer 4.0, and Gephi software and calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between emotions. Results YouTube videos were analyzed for keywords indicating cognitive assessments of major events related to COVID-19 and keywords indicating negative emotions. Eight topics were identified through topic modeling: causes and risks, perceptions of China, media and information, infection prevention rules, economic activity, school and infection, political leaders, and religion, politics, and infection. The correlation coefficient between fear and anger was 0.462 (p < .001), indicating a moderate linear relationship between the two emotions. Fear was the highest from January to March in the first year of the COVID-19 outbreak, while anger occurred before and after the outbreak, with fluctuations in both emotions during this period. Conclusions This study confirmed that social cognitions and negative emotions are intertwined in response to major events related to the COVID-19 pandemic, with each emotion varying individually rather than being ambiguously mixed. These findings could aid in developing social cognition-emotion-based public health strategies through education and communication during future pandemic outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of fear and anger on YouTube during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea

Lee,

Kim,

Lee

2024

BMC Public Health

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“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus has become a global health crisis, necessitating various preventive measures to curb its spread [1]. Among these measures, health authorities have widely recommended the use of masks to reduce transmission through respiratory droplets effectively [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time mask-wearing detection in video streams using deep convolutional neural networks for face recognition

Suhirman,

Saifullah,

Hidayat

et al. 2024

IJECE

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This research aims to develop a real-time mask-wearing detection system using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This is crucial in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to alert individuals who are not wearing masks early on, thereby reducing the spread of the virus. Since COVID-19 primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and mask-wearing is recommended, our proposed study utilizes computer vision techniques, specifically image processing, to detect masked and unmasked faces. We employ a customized CNN architecture consisting of five convolutional layers, followed by max-pooling layers and fully connected (FC) layers. The final output layer utilizes softmax activation for classification. The model is updated with optimized layer configurations and parameter values. We are developing an application that uses a digital camera as an input device. The application utilizes a dataset comprising 11,792 image samples, which are used for training and testing purposes with the 80:20 ratio. Real-time testing is conducted using human subjects captured by the camera. The experimental results demonstrate that the CNN method achieves a classification accuracy of 99% on the training data and 98.83% during real-time video testing. These findings suggest that the real-time mask detection system using CNN performs effectively.

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“…Large numbers of secondary infections caused by a single index case, referred to as 'superspreading events', have been recorded [14]. Superspreading events can affect institutions, such as assisted living/care facilities, and mass gatherings including sporting events [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Apart from general containment measures and a high vaccination rate, an effective targeted control of an epidemic relies on rapid discovery and isolation of infected individuals and identification of close contacts to quarantine them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of an international water polo tournament in Czechia as a potential source for early introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant into Belgium, Switzerland and Germany, November 2021

Rudin,

Bollen,

Hong

et al. 2023

Eurosurveillance

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Background The earliest recognised infections by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (Pango lineage B.1.1.529) in Belgium and Switzerland suggested a connection to an international water polo tournament, held 12–14 November 2021 in Brno, Czechia. Aim To study the arrival and subsequent spread of the Omicron variant in Belgium and Switzerland, and understand the overall importance of this international sporting event on the number of infections in the two countries. Methods We performed intensive forward and backward contact tracing in both countries, supplemented by phylogenetic investigations using virus sequences of the suspected infection chain archived in public databases. Results Through contact tracing, we identified two and one infected athletes of the Belgian and Swiss water polo teams, respectively, and subsequently also three athletes from Germany. In Belgium and Switzerland, four and three secondary infections, and three and one confirmed tertiary infections were identified. Phylogenetic investigation demonstrated that this sporting event played a role as the source of infection, but without a direct link with infections from South Africa and not as a superspreading event; the virus was found to already be circulating at that time in the countries involved. Conclusion The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant started to circulate in Europe several weeks before its identification in South Africa on 24 November 2021. Accordingly, it can be assumed that travel restrictions are usually implemented too late to prevent the spread of newly detected SARS-CoV-2 variants to other regions. Phylogenetic analysis may modify the perception of an apparently clear result of intensive contact tracing.

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Healthcare policies, precautionary measures and outcomes of mass gathering events in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: Expedited review

Cited by 6 publications

References 78 publications

Trends of fear and anger on YouTube during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea

Trends of fear and anger on YouTube during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea

Real-time mask-wearing detection in video streams using deep convolutional neural networks for face recognition

Investigation of an international water polo tournament in Czechia as a potential source for early introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant into Belgium, Switzerland and Germany, November 2021

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