“…However, the outcome can be quite different than intended, as demonstrated by indicators showing that 25% of all IT projects fail outright, 20-25% do not live up to their financial objectives, and up to 50% require 'material rework' in at least one area (IDC, 2009, quoted by Joseph Gulla, 2012. The responses to these failures have resulted in a variety of solutions and methodologies, from improved project management (PMI, 2017), more agile methodologies (Beck et al, 2001), and open source-inspired collaborative development models (Raymond, 1999) to employee-driven innovation (Høyrup, 2010), design thinking (Ferreira et al, 2015), and participatory design (Simonsen et al, 2015), recently supplemented with 'healthcare hackathons' specifically focused on health care (Silver et al, 2016). Although all of these responses are examples of distinct methodologies that are more or less theoretically and organizationally developed, they all circle around the explicit need to include diverse professional viewpoints in the early design and innovation stages and thus facilitate more sustainable solutions.…”