Healthcare-associated infections: potential for prevention through vaccination

McIntosh, E. David G.

doi:10.1177/2515135518763183

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…It is believed that establishing entrance to the athlete’s village, providing hand disinfectants for each room, spreading rapid news such as official letter from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and promoting public information have played important roles in isolating patients from others 16. In the future, mass gathering event, vaccination of all participants including volunteers against local epidemic such as influenza will be helpful to reduce the incidence and spread of these diseases 14 17…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games and athletes’ usage of ‘polyclinic’ medical services

Kim

Lee

Bae

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectiveThis paper aims to describe the medical service of two polyclinics of the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games and to analyse the injury and illness of athletes who visited the polyclinics during the oilympic period in order to provide some insight with respect to the future construction and operation of polyclinics in mass gathering events such as the Olympic Games.MethodsThe PyeongChang Olympic Village was located near the Olympic Stadium for snow sports athletes and the Gangneung Olympic Village was located near the ice venues for ice sports athletes. During the Olympic Games, polyclinics were consisted of emergency service and outpatient clinics. We retrospectively analysed the electronic medical record data of athletes who visiting polyclinics between 9 February 2018 and 25 February 2018.ResultsDuring the Olympics, there were 1639 athlete encounters in both polyclinics. Among those, injuries of athletes were 237 (14% of all athlete encounters) in total, and the most common injured site was knee joint. Upper respiratory infection was the most frequent case in diseases of athlete encounters. Total 223 cases of image study were done, MRI was 44 cases.ConclusionThe PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games had the highest number of participants in the history of Winter Olympic Games. Overall 48% of athletes encountered polyclinics due to disease during the Games period. Upper respiratory infection and other seasonal diseases were more frequent this Olympic Games than before. Polyclinics were managed healthcare of athletes as well as injury and illness of athletes. In winter sports, a polyclinic and similar medical facilities should be prepare for diseases considering geography, weather as well as injuries and endemic diseases when planning future mass gathering events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games and athletes’ usage of ‘polyclinic’ medical services

Kim

Lee

Bae

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…For example, almost 3 years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we are still learning about the symptoms and long-term health effects of long COVID 130 . As unvaccinated individuals can increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 among unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, 131 health care providers who choose not to vaccinate due to their perceived low personal risk may also put their patients at risk for infection, 132 especially older adults and immunocompromised patients 133 . It is essential to underscore the collective responsibility and communitarianism values in vaccination to ensure that even health care providers who feel at low risk choose to vaccinate to protect not only their personal health, but also the health of their patients, friends, and families 25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying H1N1 and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy or refusal among health care providers: a scoping review

Gallant

Harding

Johnson

et al. 2023

JBI Evidence Synthesis

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Objectives: The objective of this review was to describe and map the evidence on COVID-19 and H1N1 vaccine hesitancy or refusal by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists in North America, the United Kingdom and the European Union, and Australia. Introduction: Since 2009, we have experienced two pandemics: H1N1 “swine flu” and COVID-19. While severity and transmissibility of these viruses varied, vaccination has been a critical component of bringing both pandemics under control. However, uptake of these vaccines has been affected by vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The vaccination behaviors of health care providers, including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, are of particular interest as they have been priority populations to receive both H1N1 and COVID-19 vaccinations. Their vaccination views could affect the vaccination decisions of their patients. Inclusion criteria: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they identified reasons for COVID-19 or H1N1 vaccine hesitancy or refusal among physicians, nurses, or pharmacists from the included countries. Published and unpublished literature were eligible for inclusion. Previous reviews were excluded; however, the reference lists of relevant reviews were searched to identify additional studies for inclusion. Methods: A search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier databases was conducted April 28, 2021, to identify English-language literature published from 2009 to 2021. Gray literature and citation screening were also conducted to identify additional relevant literature. Titles, abstracts, and eligible full-text articles were reviewed in duplicate by 2 trained reviewers. Data were extracted in duplicate using a structured extraction tool developed for the review. Conflicts were resolved through discussion or with a third team member. Data were synthesized using narrative and tabular summaries. Results: In total, 83 articles were included in the review. Studies were conducted primarily across the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. The majority of articles (n=70) used cross-sectional designs to examine knowledge, attitudes, and uptake of H1N1 (n=61) or COVID-19 (n=22) vaccines. Physicians, medical students, nurses, and nursing students were common participants in the studies; however, only 8 studies included pharmacists in their sample. Across health care settings, most studies were conducted in urban, academic teaching hospitals, with 1 study conducted in a rural hospital setting. Concerns about vaccine safety, vaccine side effects, and perceived low risk of contracting H1N1 or COVID-19 were the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy or refusal across both vaccines. Conclusions: With increased interest and attention on vaccines in recent years, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, more research that examines vaccine hesitancy or refusal across different health care settings and health care providers is warranted. Future work should aim to utilize more qualitative and mixed methods research designs to capture the personal pers...

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“…Vaccines against these pathogens (e.g., Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus etc.) could have a substantial impact and are extensively studied (233). In addition, vaccines against many more pathogens, such as Candida spp., E. coli causing recurrent urinary tract infections etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases in the Older Population: Immunological Challenges and Future Perspectives

Wagner

Weinberger

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Infectious diseases are a major cause for morbidity and mortality in the older population. Demographic changes will lead to increasing numbers of older persons over the next decades. Prevention of infections becomes increasingly important to ensure healthy aging for the individual, and to alleviate the socioeconomic burden for societies. Undoubtedly, vaccines are the most efficient health care measure to prevent infections. Age-associated changes of the immune system are responsible for decreased immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of most currently used vaccines in older age. Efficacy of standard influenza vaccines is only 30-50% in the older population. Several approaches, such as higher antigen dose, use of MF59 as adjuvant and intradermal administration have been implemented in order to specifically target the aged immune system. The use of a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae has been amended by a 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine originally developed for young children several years ago to overcome at least some of the limitations of the T cell-independent polysaccharide antigens, but still is only approximately 50% protective against pneumonia. A liveattenuated vaccine against herpes zoster, which has been available for several years, demonstrated efficacy of 51% against herpes zoster and 67% against post-herpetic neuralgia. Protection was lower in the very old and decreased several years after vaccination. Recently, a recombinant vaccine containing the viral glycoprotein gE and the novel adjuvant AS01B has been licensed. Phase III studies demonstrated efficacy against herpes zoster of approx. 90% even in the oldest age groups after administration of two doses and many countries now recommend the preferential use of this vaccine. There are still many infectious diseases causing substantial morbidity in the older population, for which no vaccines are available so far. Extensive research is ongoing to develop vaccines against novel targets with several vaccine candidates already being clinically tested, which have the potential to substantially reduce health care costs and to save many lives. In addition to the development of novel and improved vaccines, which specifically target the aged immune system, it is also important to improve uptake of the existing vaccines in order to protect the vulnerable, older population.

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Healthcare-associated infections: potential for prevention through vaccination

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games and athletes’ usage of ‘polyclinic’ medical services

PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games and athletes’ usage of ‘polyclinic’ medical services

Identifying H1N1 and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy or refusal among health care providers: a scoping review

Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases in the Older Population: Immunological Challenges and Future Perspectives

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