Healthcare-associated infections in paediatric and neonatal wards: A point prevalence survey at four South African hospitals

Olivier, Celso Eduardo; Kunneke, H Marlize; O’Connell, Nuala H.; Delft, Eckart von; Wates, M.; Dramowski, Angela

doi:10.7196/samj.2018.v108i5.12862

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Olivier et al's study, the most frequently used empirical antimicrobials for HAI were piperacillintazobactam plus amikacin (46.7%) and third-generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) (26.7%). 19 In our study, carbapenems, glycopeptides, and aminoglycosides were the most commonly used antibiotics in NICUs. This use of broad-spectrum antibiotics might be because of the individual center's infection statistics/ antibiotic susceptibilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…16 A point prevalence study by Olivier et al from South Africa stated that the pooled point HAI prevalence was 7.0% in neonates. 19 The rate of HAIs in NICU was found to be 11.3% and 16.1/1000 patient days in a study from Marmara University Hospital. 20 In another study, the rate of HAIs was 8.3% and 7.69/1000 patient days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…2 Olivier et al stated that hospital-acquired pneumonia was the predominant HAI in their study (33.3%), followed by bloodstream infection (20.0%). 19 In Folgori et al's report, bloodstream infections were the most common type of HAIs, followed by lower respiratory tract infections. 21 In Djordjevic et al's report, the most frequent HAI was pneumonia (64.9%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The prevalence and diagnostic criteria of health-care associated infections in neonatal intensive care units in Turkey: A multicenter point- prevalence study

Demirdağ

Koç

Tezer

et al. 2021

Pediatrics & Neonatology

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Background: Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) in the neonatal period cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of HAIs, antimicrobial susceptibility of causative agents, and the adaptivity of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria in neonatal HAI diagnosis. Methods: A HAI point prevalence survey was conducted in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of 31 hospitals from different geographic regions in Turkey. Results: The Point HAI prevalence was 7.6%. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and late onset sepsis were predominant. The point prevalence of VAP was 2.1%, and the point prevalence of CLABSI was 1.2% in our study. The most common causative agents in HAIs were Gram-negative rods (43.0%), and the most common agent was Klebsiella spp (24.6%); 81.2% of these species were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (þ). Blood culture positivity was seen in 33.3% of samples taken from the umbilical venous catheter, whereas 0.9% of samples of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) were positive. In our study, 60% of patients who had culture positivity in endotracheal aspirate or who had purulent endotracheal secretions did not have any daily FiO2 change (p Z 0.67) and also 80% did not have any increase in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (p Z 0.7). On the other hand, 18.1% of patients who had clinical deterioration compatible with VAP did not have endotracheal culture positivity (p Z 0.005). Conclusions: Neonatal HAIs are frequent adverse events in district and regional hospitals. This at-risk population should be prioritized for HAI surveillance and prevention programs through improved infection prevention practices, and hand hygiene compliance should be conducted. CDC diagnostic criteria are not sufficient for NICUs. Future studies are warranted for the diagnosis of HAIs in NICUs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The prevalence and diagnostic criteria of health-care associated infections in neonatal intensive care units in Turkey: A multicenter point- prevalence study

Demirdağ

Koç

Tezer

et al. 2021

Pediatrics & Neonatology

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“…Three studies investigated several topics. For example Olivier et al 24,25 and Macqueen both investigated consumers and nurses IPC knowledge and self-reported adherence, while Kilpatrick et al 11 investigated nurse's knowledge and understanding of IPC and AMS principles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies evaluated nurses' knowledge, understanding or self-reported adherence to best practice guidelines for hand hygiene and IPC using survey methods 24,[26][27][28][29][30][31] and 5 used semistructured interviews or focus groups to explore this topic. 11,25,[32][33][34] The effectiveness of educational interventions to improve hand hygiene and IPC compliance and knowledge was evaluated in 6 studies (Table 2).…”

Section: Nurses and Infection Prevention And Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric nurses’, children's and parents’ adherence to infection prevention and control and knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship: A systematic review

Kilpatrick

Hutchinson

Manias

et al. 2021

American Journal of Infection Control

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Introduction: Infection prevention and control precautions help to decrease microbial transmission, and through the appropriate use of antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship programs aim to decrease the prevalence and emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken to critically appraise and synthesise evidence for nurses', children's and parents' knowledge and understanding of antimicrobial stewardship, and of infection prevention and control in acute paediatric care settings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the review. Studies were included if they examined the factors that contributed to nurses' adherence to, or consumers' practice in relation to, antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control. Results: Of the 16,957 papers identified, 50 studies conducted in acute paediatric settings met the eligibility criteria, and were included. Most studies were of low methodological quality. Fourteen studies evaluated nurses' knowledge and self-reported adherence to Infection Prevention and Control principles and identified consistent practice gaps by nurses. Six studies evaluating the effectiveness of education programs reported modest improvements in nurses' knowledge and adherence to infection prevention and control. There were 15 studies, that investigated consumers' involvement in infection prevention and control that identified the following themes: Consumer knowledge and attitudes to infection prevention and control and transmissionbased precautions, and parents' willingness to take an active role in infection prevention. Six studies focused on paediatric nurses' role in antimicrobial stewardship, exploring the following themes: (1) nurses' understanding and beliefs of antimicrobial stewardship roles, and (2) barriers to nurses taking a greater role in antimicrobial stewardship. Nine studies explored the role of consumers in antimicrobial stewardship and identified consumers' misconceptions about the benefits and downplayed concerns regarding antibiotic use. Discussion: Although consumers articulated a willingness to be actively involved in infection prevention, observed practice remained lower than that required to consistently prevent infection transmission. Conclusion: These findings highlight a critically important gap in current practice. In relation to optimal use of antimicrobials, although paediatric nurses were involved in supporting antimicrobial stewardship processes and educating consumers, they identified limited antimicrobial stewardship knowledge. Consumers appeared to lack understanding about the benefits of antibiotics and negated concerns regarding antibiotic use.

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Neonatal surgical outcomes: a prospective observational study at a Tertiary Academic Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa

et al. 2021

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Healthcare-associated infections in paediatric and neonatal wards: A point prevalence survey at four South African hospitals

Abstract: Neonatal and paediatric HAIs are common adverse events at district and regional hospitals. This at-risk population should be prioritised for HAI surveillance and prevention through improved infection prevention practices and HH compliance.

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

The prevalence and diagnostic criteria of health-care associated infections in neonatal intensive care units in Turkey: A multicenter point- prevalence study

The prevalence and diagnostic criteria of health-care associated infections in neonatal intensive care units in Turkey: A multicenter point- prevalence study

Paediatric nurses’, children's and parents’ adherence to infection prevention and control and knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship: A systematic review

Neonatal surgical outcomes: a prospective observational study at a Tertiary Academic Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa

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