Healthcare and Recreation: The Infrastructure of Summer Colonies for Children in Lithuania in 1918–194

Understanding Heritage of Early Modernist Sanatorium Architecture: Salutogenic Design, Healing Effects of Nature, Memory, and Impact on the Spirit of Place

“…The sanatorium movement [49], together with the general cultural movement of modernism, which involved the integration of form with a social purpose in architecture and design, attempted to create a new classless and hygienic lifestyle [7] that resulted in the architectural legacy of early modernist tuberculosis sanatorium buildings [18]. These buildings are the embodiments of universal values of modernism and the sanatorium movement and, at the same time, have close ties with the local landscape, history and communities.…”

“…While in some examples, access to the balcony was only from individual rooms, it was common to have sun porches, which were along the whole façade and accessed by everyone as a communal space. The buildings also featured accessible flat roofs to be used as spaces for patient rehabilitation [49]. This type of tuberculosis treatment, where patients were housed in open spaces: balconies, terraces, and specially adapted wooden houses with movable walls, was particularly popular at that time [25].…”

“…According to C. Robie [45], functionalist aesthetics of the era affected the design of the sanatorium building, and they were typically white with smooth surfaces, which represented and emphasized hygiene. According to B. Tranavičiūtė [49], as the exteriors of the sanatorium buildings were designed under the influence of architectural modernism, the interiors were linked to the principles of patient care: well-lit interiors, using large areas of glazing, were intended to free the spaces from darkness and possible bacterial growth. In his design of Paimio Sanatorium, A. Alto emphasized that the user's psychological and physical requirements should be acknowledged as the basis of the design [54].…”

“…5). Similarly to other European countries, tuberculosis sanatoria built in Lithuania reflected modernist features [49]. The history and features of each historic sanatorium are presented below.…”