Health Workers and Doctors Death During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Pramana, Cipta; Indriana, Gina; Setyopambudi, Kukuh

doi:10.5455/ijmrcr.health-workers-covid-19-indonesia

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In Indonesia, the lack of doctors, combined with the high number of infections [35] and deaths among health care workers and doctors [36], especially during the early phase of the epidemic, had weakened the health system resilience. In the context of a heavily decentralized health system such as in Indonesia [30], coordination and prioritisation of available resources and public health intervention will be critical to ensure optimal health outcomes for vulnerable communities, especially for those areas with lower number of doctors per population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity and district-level factors associated with COVID-19 mortality during three epidemic waves in Indonesia: a nationwide ecological study

Surendra¹,

Paramita²,

Arista³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction Ensuring health equity, especially for vulnerable populations in less developed settings with poor health system is essential for the current and future global health threats. This study examined the heterogeneity of COVID-19 mortality and its association with population health characteristics, health care capacity in responding pandemic, and socio-economic characteristics across 514 districts in Indonesia. Methods This nationwide ecological study included aggregated COVID-19 cases data from all 514 districts in Indonesia, recorded in the National COVID-19 Task Force database, during the first two years of the epidemic, from 1 March 2020 to 27 February 2022. We calculated incidence and mortality rate by time, sex, and age. We extracted district-level socio-demographics, population health, and health care capacity data from government official sources. We used multivariable linear regression to examine factors associated with higher mortality rate. Results Of total 5,539,333 reported cases, 148,034 (2.7%) died, and 5,391,299 (97.4%) were recovered. The national mortality rate was 55 per 100,000 population, ranged from 13 per 100,000 population in Papua to 156 per 100,000 population in East Kalimantan province. At district-level, higher mortality rate was associated with higher COVID-19 incidence (p<0.0001), higher proportion of >60 years old population (p<0.0001), higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p<0.0001), lower prevalence of obesity (p=0.019), lower number of doctors per population (p=0.001), higher life expectancy at birth (p=0.035), and lower formal education (p=0.021). There was no association between COVID-19 mortality rate with expenditure, prevalence of hypertension and pneumonia, vaccine coverage for >60 years old population, number of nurses, midwives, and hospitals per population (p>0.05 each). Conclusion COVID-19 mortality rate in Indonesia was highly heterogeneous and associated with different prevalence of pre-existing comorbidity, healthcare capacity in responding the pandemic, and socio-economic characteristics. This study revealed the need of health capacity strengthening and better resource allocation to ensure optimal health outcomes for vulnerable population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity and district-level factors associated with COVID-19 mortality during three epidemic waves in Indonesia: a nationwide ecological study

Surendra¹,

Paramita²,

Arista³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Notably, a recent report estimated that Indonesian healthcare workers had a five times higher chance of death from COVID-19 than the general population. 33,34 Second, the pandemic affected patient health-seeking behaviour as well as access to essential health services, because of fear of contracting COVID-19 and extra costs for personal protective equipment 35 , and government-mandated local lockdowns. 36 Third, emerging data suggest that biological interactions between both pathogens can result in shared dysregulation of immune responses and a dual risk for COVID-19 severity and TB disease progression or poor outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control in Indonesia: a nationwide analysis of programme data and health system vulnerabilities

Surendra

Elyazar

Puspaningrum

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background There are limited measures of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) control in high-burden countries like Indonesia. Methods We analysed district-level data of reported TB cases, treatment and deaths, COVID-19 incidence and mortality, health care capacity, economic status, education level, and public health development index from all 514 districts in Indonesia. We compared data before (2016-2019) and during (2020-2021) the pandemic. Findings Compared to the preceding year (2019), in the first pandemic year (2020) the TB case notification declined by 31% (from median 172 [IQR 129-244] in 2019 to 119 [IQR 87-170] in 2020 per 100,000 population; 565,669 vs 393,323 cases, respectively); mortality increased by 8% (from median 4.2 [IQR 2.0-7.4] to 5.0 (IQR 3.1-7.5) per 100,000 population; 13,059 vs 14,148 deaths, respectively); and the overall proportion of cases who started treatment declined by 7% (from 98% to 91%). The second pandemic year (2021) saw a partial recovery of case notifications (median 142 [IQR 99-204]; 473,006) and deaths (4.1 [IQR 2.5-6.8]; 12,016), but a persistently reduced treatment coverage (84%). Reductions in TB notifications between districts were associated with higher COVID-19 incidence and fewer per capita GeneXpert machines for TB diagnosis. Likewise, reduced TB treatment coverage was associated with fewer per capita doctors, and increased reported TB deaths was associated with fewer per capita primary health centres, lower per capita domestic expenditure and higher education. Interpretation The COVID-19 pandemic significantly, yet unevenly, impacted the national TB control programme across Indonesia, with the greatest impacts in districts with the least resilient health systems.

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“…Global studies have documented on the morbidity and mortality the frontline health care workers during COVID-19 Pandemic. Various reasons were identified contributing to the cause of Morbidity and Mortality of HCS were including lack of PPE, Not received Immunization, lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure, excessive working hours, and mental health problems [30] [31] [32] [33], [34], [35] [36], [37], [38] [39] There were also other reasons that…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing System Performance of Maternal and Child Health Care During Covid-19 Pandemic in Community Health Center- Comoro Dili Timor-Leste

Lopes,

Perreira,

Soares

et al. 2023

Preprint

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"Purpose/ Introduction: Recent Evidences reveal that COVID-19 pandemic caused MCH services interruption world-wide. In Timor-Leste, MCH services is one of service priorities and delivers through 3 tiers of health structures consists of hospitals, CHCs, and HPs. The Country (Timor-Leste) identified its first case of COVID-19 in March and by April 2020, it was lockdown and stringent actions were enforced. Nuring the pandemic COVID-19, the MOH health structures and facilities continued delivers essential health services. However, the strict lockdown and mandatory stay home order had negatively impacted the health system capacities. This study to thoroughly assess the disruption of System Components of MCH Services by interviewed frontline HCWs from Comoro -CHC, in Dili-Timor-Leste. Patients and Methods: The cross-sectional approach with quantitative descriptive method was employed for this study. We employed a modified who six building blocks (service delivery, human resources, drugs and consumables, ICT, Financing, Stewardship) to assess system disruption of MCH services in Comoro CHC due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Sample of 99 participants consisted of medical doctors, midwives, nurses who work at MCH unit pharmacy technicians, unit laboratory technicians, a structured questionnaire was utilized and data analysis was used SPSS. Result: The findings reveal the disruption of all 6 system blocks from MCH services in Comoro-CHC, Dili, Timor-Leste due to COVID-19 Pandemic. Except leadership, statistical tests reveal statistically significant association between interruption of five blocks from MCH services. The service delivery, human resources, drugs and consumables, ICT, Financing, Stewardship. Conclusion: COVID-19 Pandemic Caused disruption of all six health system blocks of MCH Services in Comoro, CHC. For future pandemic preparation plan, the attention must be given to all six-health system blocks to guarantee continue delivery of MCH care in CHC Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste and a primary health care facility and other similar settings.Keywords: Performance, Maternal, Child, Health, System, COVID-19"

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Health Workers and Doctors Death During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Heterogeneity and district-level factors associated with COVID-19 mortality during three epidemic waves in Indonesia: a nationwide ecological study

Heterogeneity and district-level factors associated with COVID-19 mortality during three epidemic waves in Indonesia: a nationwide ecological study

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control in Indonesia: a nationwide analysis of programme data and health system vulnerabilities

Assessing System Performance of Maternal and Child Health Care During Covid-19 Pandemic in Community Health Center- Comoro Dili Timor-Leste

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