Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review

Hammond, David

doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037630

Cited by 961 publications

(954 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In theory, health warnings on cigarette packaging (1975), laws banning smoking in pubs and bars (2004) and new technological innovations such as nicotine replacement products may have contributed to a downward shift in cigarette consumption, although studies indicate that such measures have likely been more effective for reducing smoking initiation among adolescents than having a synchronous effect on all age groups (Cummings and Hyland, 2005;Hammond, 2011). Conversely, introduction of "light" or "mild" cigarettes in the 1980s and increased access to imported cigarettes may have contributed to increased opportunities for smoking.…”

Section: Apc Models and The "Identification Problem"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach

Vedøy¹

2014

Social Science Research

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(online), with the title: Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X14001033Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudopanel approach AbstractThis study examined if temporal variations in daily cigarette smoking and never-smoking among groups with different levels of education fit the pattern proposed by the theory of diffusion of innovations (TDI), while taking into account the separate effects of age, period and birth cohort (APC). Aggregated data from nationally representative interview surveys from Norway from 1976 to 2010 was used to calculate probabilities of smoking using an APC approach in which the period variable was normalized to pick up short term cyclical effects. Results showed that educational differences in smoking over time were more strongly determined by birth cohort membership than variations in smoking behavior across the life course. The probability of daily smoking decreased faster across cohorts among higher compared to lower educated. In contrast, the change in probability of never having smoked across cohorts was similar in the two education groups, but stronger among men compared to women. Moreover, educational differences in both daily and never-smoking increased among early cohorts and leveled off among late cohorts. The results emphasizes the importance of birth cohort for social change and are consistent with TDI, which posits that smoking behavior diffuse through the social structure over time.

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Section: Apc Models and The "Identification Problem"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach

Vedøy¹

2014

Social Science Research

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“…Fear appeals have been shown to have the most impact on behaviors such as quitting (Tanner et al 1991;Hammond 2011). Besides, negative emotions are supposed to transfer to the object to which they are associated by mere association (Mitchell and Olson 1981).…”

Section: The Change In Cigarette Brands Attitudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we focus on the two strongest cigarette brands associations, namely their perceived risk and their symbolic image. Regarding perceived risk, studies on graphic tobacco warnings conclude that visual labels are more visible and easier to understand (Gallopel-Morvan et al 2011), leading to more efficacy in communicating smoking health hazards (Hammond 2011). The same reasoning should play to compare text-only ad parodies with graphic-only ad parodies.…”

Section: The Cognitive Route To Persuasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects Of Anti-Tobacco Brands Ad Parodies On Cigarette Brands Attitude

Parguel¹,

Lunardo²,

Chébat³

2015

Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science

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This paper compares the effects of anti-tobacco ad parodies and visual cigarette package warnings on emotional and cognitive responses of young adults. The findings indicate that graphic-only ad parodies can compete with warnings in their attempt to damage consumers' attitude toward tobacco brands through the health beliefs they lead consumers to associate to the brand. On the contrary, text-only ad parodies prove counterproductive and lead to a boomerang effect characterized by an increase in consumers' tobacco brand attitude.

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“…To take away the advantages of attractive cigarette packet, health warning on cigarette packet is a prominent direct mean of communicating (Hammond, 2007;Hammond, 2009;Prakit Vathesatogkit, 2010;Hammond, 2011). This type of intervention is also considered as one of the most cost-effective health communication channels available in the field of tobacco control (Hammond, 2007;Hammond, 2009;International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project, 2009;Prakit Vathesatogkit, Tran Thu Ngan 1 *, Le Vu Anh 2 , Nguyen Thi Tuyet My 1 , Nguyen Ngoc Bich 2,3 2010; Hammond, 2011). Hence, Article 11 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires all Member Parties to implement the health warnings on cigarette pack (World Health Organization, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

Ngan

Anh²,

et al. 2016

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Printing of pictorial health warnings (PHWs) on cigarette packages became obligatory by the Vietnam Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harm in May 2013. Literature from high-income countries suggests that PHWs motivate smokers to quit smoking although their long-term effects have been questioned due to reduction of impact over time. This study aimed to assess the salience of PHWs and smokers' reactions towards PHWs over time. In May 2014 and May 2015, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based household survey was administered to respectively 1,462 and 1,509 Vietnamese male smokers aged 18 to 35. The result showed that salience of the PHWs 2 years after the implementation was higher than at the point of 1 year after the implementation. The proportion of respondents who tried to avoid noting the PHWs was reduced from 35% in wave 1 to 23% in wave 2. However, "Tried to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs" increased 1.5 times the odds of presenting quit intention compared to those respondents who did not try to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). In conclusion, avoidance regarding PHWs may not work as a barrier when aiming at a higher level of quit intention. Salience of the PHWs may increase in the period shortly after their introduction onto packs but can be expected to decrease with time. In other words, it might be advisable to change or renew PHWs after a period of implementation to maintain their beneficial effects.

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Health warning messages on tobacco products: a review

Abstract: Objective To review evidence on the impact of health warning messages on tobacco packages.

Cited by 961 publications

References 90 publications

Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach

Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach

Effects Of Anti-Tobacco Brands Ad Parodies On Cigarette Brands Attitude

Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers' Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time

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