Health Values of Hospitalized Patients 80 Years or Older

Abstract

Context.-Health values (utilities or preferences for health states) are often incorporated into clinical decisions and health care policy when issues of quality vs length of life arise, but little is known about health values of the very old. Objective.-To assess health values of older hospitalized patients, compare their values with those of their surrogate decision makers, investigate possible determinants of health values, and determine whether health values change over time. Design.-A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter cohort study. Setting.-Four academic medical centers. Participants.-Four hundred fourteen hospitalized patients aged 80 years or older and their surrogate decision makers who were interviewed and understood the task. Main Outcome Measures.-Time-trade-off utilities, reflecting preferences for current health relative to a shorter but healthy life. Results.-On average, patients equated living 1 year in their current state of health with living 9.7 months in excellent health (mean [SD] utility, 0.81 [0.28]). Although only 126 patients (30.7%) rated their current quality of life as excellent or very good, 284 (68.6%) were willing to give up at most 1 month of 12 in exchange for excellent health (utility Ն0.92). At the other extreme, 25 (6.0%) were willing to live 2 weeks or less in excellent health rather than 1 year in their current state of health (utility Յ0.04). Patients were willing to trade significantly less time for a healthy life than their surrogates assumed they would (mean difference, 0.05; P=.007); 61 surrogates (20.3%) underestimated the patient's time-trade-off score by 0.25 (3 months of 12) or more. Patients willing to trade less time for better health were more likely to want resuscitation and other measures to extend life. Time-trade-off score correlated only modestly with quality-of-life rating (r=0.28) and inversely with depression score (r=−0.27), but there were few other clinical or demographic predictors of health values. When patients who survived were asked the time-trade-off question again at 1 year, they were willing to trade less time for better health than at baseline (mean difference, 0.04; P=.04). Conclusion.-Very old hospitalized patients who could be interviewed were able, in most cases, to have their health values assessed using the time-trade-off technique. Most patients were unwilling to trade much time for excellent health, but preferences varied greatly. Because proxies and multivariable analyses cannot gauge health values of elderly hospitalized patients accurately, health values of the very old should be elicited directly from the patient.

Elderly people with multi-morbidity and acute coronary syndrome: Doctors’ views on decision-making

“…Elderly patients with multiple diseases represent all of these issues (12)(13)(14)(15). Further, a clear tendency towards inpatient care concentrating on acute incidents has been described (16), as well as the need for an integrated care management model for the care of elderly and chronically ill patients, which was recently pointed out in this journal (17).…”

Preference-Based Measures in Economic Evaluation in Health Care

“…Researchers have also reported that patient values are higher than their surrogates believe (122,123). [Wide individual-to-individual variations in health values are common (36,82,123)].…”

Older Persons' Preferences for Home vs Hospital Care in the Treatment of Acute Illness

“…21,22 These results are similar to the findings of previous studies demonstrating the willingness of older persons to undergo intensive care unit treatment 23 and their unwillingness to trade off any amount of time in their current health for perfect health. 24 However, in the case of equivalent outcomes, the preference expressed by many of the respondents for treatment at home supports its explicit consideration and expansion as a treatment alternative for less severely ill patients. The lack of a strong association between preference and sociodemographic and health status implies that the only way to ascertain these preferences is to ask the patient directly.…”