Health Status of Marginalized Groups in India

Khanday, Zulufkar Ahmad; Akram, Mohammad

doi:10.5923/j.ijas.20120206.02

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Studies indicate that social and economic disparities critically affect the utilization of health services amongst other determinants of maternal health [ 8 , 9 ]. Socially disadvantaged populations are often challenged by long distances to health facilities, poverty, ignorance, and poor health literacy [ 10 , 11 ]. Other studies have shown that woman’s educational attainment, age at marriage, access to livelihood, access to savings, and decision-making power influence the utilization of health services [ 12 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a community-based intervention for health and economic empowerment of marginalized women in India

et al. 2020

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Background Empowered women have improved decision-making capacity and can demand equal access to health services. Community-based interventions based on building women’s groups for awareness generation on maternal and child health (MCH) are the best and cost-effective approaches in improving their access to health services. The present study evaluated a community-based intervention aimed at improving marginalized women’s awareness and utilization of MCH services, and access to livelihood and savings using the peer-led approach from two districts of India. Methods We used peer educators as mediators of knowledge transfer among women and for creating a supportive environment at the household and community levels. The intervention was implemented in two marginalized districts of Uttar Pradesh, namely Banda and Kaushambi. Two development blocks in each of the two districts were selected randomly, and 24 villages in each of the four blocks were selected based on the high percentage of a marginalized population. The evaluation of the intervention involved a non-experimental, ‘post-test analysis of the project group’ research design, in a mixed-method approach. Data were collected at two points in time, including qualitative interviews at the end line and tracking data of the intervention population (n = 37,324) through an online management information system. Results Most of the women in Banda (90%) and Kaushambi (85%) attended at least 60% of the education sessions. Around 39% of women in Banda and 35% of women in Kaushambi registered for the livelihood scheme, and 94 and 80% of them had worked under the scheme in these two places, respectively. Women’s awareness about MCH seemed to have increased post-intervention. The money earned after getting work under the livelihood scheme or from daily savings was deposited in the bank account by the women. These savings helped the women investing money at times of need, such as starting their work, in emergencies for the medical treatment of their family members, education of their children, etc. Conclusion Peer-led model of intervention can be explored to improve the combined health and economic outcomes of marginalized women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a community-based intervention for health and economic empowerment of marginalized women in India

et al. 2020

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“…often left out of the scope of general health services in the cities where they work. (Dodd, 2017;Jacob, 2009). The health of the migrants and health issues associated with the migration are major public challenges for the government.…”

Section: Psychiatric Morbidity and Substance Use In Migrant Workers: A Population Based Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in migrant workers: A population based study

Chavan

Sidana

Arun

et al. 2021

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: The prevalence of mental health problems and substance abuse in the migrant population is higher than the general population. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence and pattern of mental health issues and substance use in the migrant population and highlight the association with the reverse migration of migrant workers. Methodology: The field staff visited the shelter homes for migrant population in four cities of Northern India (Chandigarh (UT), Bhatinda (Punjab), Panchkula (Haryana) and Jaipur (Rajasthan). After maintaining the social distance and wearing masks by the staff and migrants, written informed consent was taken for participation in the study. The socio-demographic details of reverse migrants were noted down and Hindi version of Primary Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for mental health problems and screening tool for pattern of substance abuse was administered. Geographically matched undisplaced were also administered these tools. Results: A total of 275 reverse migrants and 276 undisplaced were included in the study. The prevalence of ever use for all the substances among reverse migrants was 44.4% (122/275) and among undisplaced, it was 45.3%. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis was higher than the general population. The prevalence of at least one diagnosis on PHQ-9 is 13.45% (reverse migrants 19.3% and undisplaced 7.6) and the prevalence of other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants (17.1%) than undisplaced (4.0%). Conclusion: The study concludes that prevalence of mental health issues and substance abuse in migrant population is significantly higher than the general population and the prevalence of at least one diagnosis and other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants than undisplaced.

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“…A total 51.3% of respondents reported that they were treated unfairly in accessing health services, and 46% were treated unfairly by doctors in health centres. The scavenger community is most prone to stress and other disease, and they are excluded from the health system (Khanday & Akram, 2012;Raksha, 2014).…”

Section: Cultural and Religious Exclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian Inclusion Efforts Relevance to Scavenger Community: A Cross-sectional Study in Haryana

Kumar

Deepalatha

2021

Contemporary Voice of Dalit

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Manual scavenging is a caste-based occupation (Shahid, 2015, Social Change, 45(2), 242–255). It involves the manual removal of human excreta from dry latrines and septic tanks (using basic tools such as tin boards, buckets and baskets lined with sacking) and then carrying it on the head or shoulder and disposing it away (Kumar, 2014, Scavenger community at the crossroads: Reflection on state intervention). Broadly, these people work in municipal corporation, railways, households, cleaning of open defecation area, industries and hotels where they deal with human and animal excreta. Dealing in sewerage and manholes, garbage loading and caring and cleaning animal carcass is also included in manual scavenging. Historically, the scavenger community is considered to be untouchable (Singh, 2014, Contemporary Voice of Dalit, 7(1), 81–94), because of lowest caste status and lowest occupational status. Their lowest social status made them to face exclusion in almost all domains in society. They are protected through constitutional rights in documents and are provided with some welfare services for their development. This study aims to understand the current status of social exclusion of scavenger community and usefulness of government inclusion policies on social and occupational status of scavenger community. This is a cross-sectional study, following mixed method research design. The study was conducted in four towns of Haryana: Ladwa, Kurukshetra, Indri and Radwar. The safai karamchari (sanitary workers) of municipalities from these four towns were selected as respondents. Data was collected through semi-structured interview and structured tool was used for assessing social exclusion. Here, the results show that all respondents ( safai karamchari) belong to Balmiki caste and all were Hindu by religion. Among them, 62% respondents were illiterate, more than 80% reported that this work was transferred from ancestors or lack of opportunity, and 98% reported no protective gears provided while working. Social exclusion found prevalent in almost all domains, while the face exclusion was in social, cultural, educational, occupational, political domains and accessing social services. The result shows that Indian policies for social inclusion fail in case of scavenger community. Therefore, this is matter of dealing for social work profession.

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Health Status of Marginalized Groups in India

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of a community-based intervention for health and economic empowerment of marginalized women in India

Evaluation of a community-based intervention for health and economic empowerment of marginalized women in India

Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in migrant workers: A population based study

Indian Inclusion Efforts Relevance to Scavenger Community: A Cross-sectional Study in Haryana

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