Health status and lifestyle factors as predictors of depression in middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults: a seven-year follow-up of the Komo-Ise cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundDepression is a common mental disorder. Several studies suggest that lifestyle and health status are associated with depression. However, only a few large-scale longitudinal studies have been conducted on this topic.MethodsThe subjects were middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults between the ages of 40 and 69 years. A total of 9,650 respondents completed questionnaires for the baseline survey and participated in the second wave of the survey, which was conducted 7 years later. We excluded those who complained of depressive symptoms in the baseline survey and analyzed data for the remaining 9,201 individuals. In the second-wave survey, the DSM-12D was used to determine depression. We examined the risks associated with health status and lifestyle factors in the baseline survey using a logistic regression model.ResultsAn age-adjusted analysis showed an increased risk of depression in those who had poor perceived health and chronic diseases in both sexes. In men, those who were physically inactive also had an increased risk of depression. In women, the analysis also showed an increased risk of depression those with a BMI of 25 or more, in those sleeping 9 hours a day or more and who were current smokers. A multivariate analysis showed that increased risks of depression still existed in men who had chronic diseases and who were physically inactive, and in women who had poor perceived health and who had a BMI of 25 or more.ConclusionsThese results suggest that lifestyle and health status are risk factors for depression. Having a chronic disease and physical inactivity were distinctive risk factors for depression in men. On the other hand, poor perceived health and a BMI of 25 or more were distinctive risk factors for depression in women. Preventive measures for depression must therefore take gender into account.

A Study on Body Image, Sexual Quality of Life, Depression, and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Adults

“…This study's findings were similar to findings from previous studies [39,44e46]. Gavin et al asserted that if a subject's level of education were low, she would likely experience more depression at the ages of 40e65 years [46]. identified that an adult with a chronic disease was at a higher risk of experiencing depression [45].…”

Associations of Depressive Symptoms With Health Behaviors, Stress, and Self-assessed Health Status in Hawai’i

“…20 To assess fat intake, participants were asked about a conscious effort to avoid foods that are high in fat. Answer categories ranged from never (1) to always (5). Another item assessing fast food consumption was, "How often do you eat at fast food restaurants, drive-ins, or lunch wagons?"…”

“…and (4) "How often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?" The response scale ranged from never (0) to very often (5). Items were aggregated in such a way that stress severity ranged from 0 to 20.…”

“…Another item assessing fast food consumption was, "How often do you eat at fast food restaurants, drive-ins, or lunch wagons?" Response categories were almost never (1), a few times a year (2), 1 to 3 times a month (3), 1 to 2 times a week (4), 3 to 5 times a week (5), and almost every day (6). Soft drink consumption was measured by asking, "How often do you drink regular soft drinks, soda, or pop (do not include diet soda)?"…”

Late-life depression in the older adults living in an institution and at home

“…Particularly, older adults having the physical illness are reported to have higher depression scores (Casey, 2012). Also, physically inactive men were at a greater risk for both healthy aging (Blazer, 2005) and geriatric depression (Tanaka, Sasazawa, Suzuki, Nakazawa, & Koyama, 2011).…”