Health situation of refugees in Eastern Zaire

Nabeth, Pierre; Vasset, Brigitte; Guérin, Philippe J.; Doppler, Brigitte; Tectonidis, Milton

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62939-x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…7 Among Rwandan and Burundian refugees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1996, 54% of all deaths were among children under 5 years. 8 In some settings, mortality rates of older children and adults are comparable to or exceed those of young children; this is more probable after outbreaks of cholera or dysentery, or when armed conflict results in many civilian casualties. 9,10 During complex emergencies, the most common reported causes of death are the same as the major causes of death in countries with the highest child mortality rates: diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and severe malnutrition.…”

Section: Child Morbidity and Mortality In Complex Emergencies Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child health in complex emergencies

Moss¹

2004

Bull World Health Organ

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Coordinated and effective interventions are critical for relief efforts to be successful in addressing the health needs of children in situations of armed conflict, population displacement, and/or food insecurity. We reviewed published literature and surveyed international relief organizations engaged in child health activities in complex emergencies. Our aim was to identify research needs and improve guidelines for the care of children. Much of the literature details the burden of disease and the causes of morbidity and mortality; few interventional studies have been published. Surveys of international relief organizations showed that most use World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and ministry of health guidelines designed for use in stable situations. Organizations were least likely to have formal guidelines on the management of asphyxia, prematurity, and infection in neonates; diagnosis and management of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; active case-finding and treatment of tuberculosis; paediatric trauma; and the diagnosis and management of mental-health problems in children. Guidelines often are not adapted to the different types of health-care workers who provide care in complex emergencies. Evidence-based, locally adapted guidelines for the care of children in complex emergencies should be adopted by ministries of health, supported by WHO and UNICEF, and disseminated to international relief organizations to ensure appropriate, effective, and uniform care.Keywords Child welfare; Child health services; Emergencies; Disasters; Diarrhea/therapy; Measles/epidemiology; HIV infections/ diagnosis/therapy; Malaria/prevention and control; Nutrition disorders/therapy; Infant mortality; Child mortality; Refugees; Infant, Newborn; Child; Practice guidelines; Review literature (source: MeSH, NLM). Voir page 62 le résumé en français. En la página 62 figura un resumen en español. Mots clés

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Section: Child Morbidity and Mortality In Complex Emergencies Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child health in complex emergencies

Moss¹

2004

Bull World Health Organ

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“…In July 1994, 14 000 deaths from cholera were reported in refugee camps in Rwanda ( Siddique et al . 1995 ) while in April 1997, a total of 1521 deaths were recorded during a cholera outbreak among 90 000 Rwandan refugees residing in temporary camps in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( Nabeth et al . 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1992±93, 800 000 cholera cases were reported by 21 countries in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in coastal areas, with more than 8000 cases resulting in death (Tauxe et al 1994). In July 1994, 14 000 deaths from cholera were reported in refugee camps in Rwanda (Siddique et al 1995) while in April 1997, a total of 1521 deaths were recorded during a cholera outbreak among 90 000 Rwandan refugees residing in temporary camps in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Nabeth et al 1997). Cholera is usually transmitted to humans by ingestion of contaminated water and foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of toxigenicVibrio choleraefrom environmental water samples by an enrichment broth cultivation-pit-stop semi-nested PCR procedure

Theron

Cilliers

Preez³

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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E N T E R . 2000. A pit-stop semi-nested PCR assay for the detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in environmental water samples was developed and its performance evaluated. The PCR technique ampli®es sequences within the cholera toxin operon speci®c for toxigenic V. cholerae. The PCR procedure coupled with an enrichment culture detected as few as four V. cholerae organisms in pure culture. Treated sewage, surface, ground and drinking water samples were seeded with V. cholerae and following enrichment, a detection limit of as few as 1 V. cholerae cfu ml À1 was obtained with ampli®cation reactions from crude bacterial lysates. The proposed method, which includes a combination of enrichment, rapid sample preparation and a pit-stop semi-nested PCR, could be applicable in the rapid detection of toxigenic V. cholerae in environmental water samples.

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“…In the 1990s crude death rates in refugees in some parts of Africa were 5-25 times higher than the crude death rates of the nondisplaced (with rates of up to 80 times described [39], and the rates were highest in children under 5 years of age [40]) leading Toole et al to state that "Children under the age of 5 regularly bear the brunt of the death toll associated with complex emergencies" [41]. Likewise in 1996, 54% of all the deaths among refugees from Rwanda and Burundi who fled to eastern Zaire were under the age of 5 [42]. A recent publication [43,44] has reviewed much of the data.…”

Section: Complex Disastersmentioning

confidence: 99%