Health Risks of Heavy Metals through Consumption of Greenhouse Vegetables Grown in Central Iran

Aghili, Forough; Khoshgoftarmanesh, Amir Hossein; Afyuni, Majid; Schulin, Rainer

doi:10.1080/10807030903153337

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some other heavy metals, such as Pb, Co, Cd, As, and Cr are considered as harmful heavy metals (6). These metals have adverse effects on the normal function of human body and may contribute to the development of different diseases, especially in children and pregnant women (7,8). In this regard, it has been reported that contact with heavy metals-contaminated soil and consumption of vegetables with high concentrations of heavy metals reduced human life expectancy by 9-10 years in Copsa Mica and Baia Mare, Romania (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of heavy metals concentration in soil around a Pb-Zn mine and ecological risk assessment

Baghaie

Aghili

2019

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Soil pollution with heavy metals seriously threatens soil quality, food safety, and humanhealth. This study was conducted to determine the soil pollution level and ecological risk assessmentof different heavy metals in agricultural soils around Nakhlak Pb-Zn mine, located in Anarak district,Nain county of Isfahan province.Methods: A total of 50 soil samples were collected from agricultural land around Nakhlak mine andanalyzed to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Mn. The geo-accumulation index(Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and potential ecological-risk index (Er) were used to assess the level ofsoil pollution with heavy metals.Results: The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Mn were 355, 2.72, 347, 26, 36, and505 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than the background values of world soils. Based on theIgeo index, the study area was moderately to heavily contaminated with Pb and Zn, uncontaminated tomoderate contaminated with Cd and Cu, and uncontaminated with Mn and Ni. According to the EFvalues, the study soil was moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, and Cu, significantly contaminatedwith Cd and Zn, and highly enriched with Pb. The RI values showed a moderate level of heavy metalscontamination in the study soil.Conclusion: According to the results, the ecological risk of heavy metals for ecosystem in agriculturallands around Nakhlak Pb-Zn mine is moderate. However, the contamination status should be consideredperiodically.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of heavy metals concentration in soil around a Pb-Zn mine and ecological risk assessment

Baghaie

Aghili

2019

Environ Health Eng Manag

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“…Pourang and Noori [ 27 ] also analyzed heavy metals in various plant species of an agricultural area near Tehran and reported that chromium, cadmium, and lead were substantially above national and international guidelines in most of vegetables, especially in onions. Cadmium and lead were again principal culprits in cucumbers and bell peppers grown in greenhouses of Qom, Iran [ 28 ]. Besides, there are many similar studies from China, Ghana, and other countries that measured heavy metals in agricultural soils, irrigation water and/or their crops [ 29 - 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil, water, and vegetables of farms in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran

Maleki

Amini

Nazmara

et al. 2014

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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BackgroundHeavy metals are ubiquitous elsewhere in nature and their measurement in environment is necessary to develop health management strategies. In this study, we aimed to find out concentrations and spatial patterns of heavy metals in main farms of Sanandaj in Kurdistan, Iran.MethodsOver May to October 2012, six farms were selected to analyze concentrations and spatial patterns of several heavy metals, namely aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in their soil, irrigation water, and edible vegetables. Overall, 36 samples of soil and water and 72 samples of vegetables including coriander (Coriandrum sativum), dill (Anethum graveolens), radish (Raphanus sativus) root and radish leaf were collected. The concentrations of metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The spatial surfaces of heavy metals were created using geospatial information system.ResultsThe order of metals in soil was Al > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > Co > As > Cd while in water it was Cr > Co > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Al = As = Cd. The order of heavy metals in vegetables was Al > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co > As > Cd. Totally, the minimum concentrations of Al, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found in radish root while the maximum of Al, Co, Cr, and Ni were found in radish leaf. The minimum concentrations of Cd and Cr and maximum concentrations of Cu and Zn were also deciphered in dill. Noteworthy, coriander had the minimum concentrations of Co and Ni. The concentrations of Cr and Pb in vegetables were more than maximum allowable limits of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO).ConclusionIn summary, albeit the concentrations of heavy metals in soil and water samples were below FAO and the WHO standards, vegetables were contaminated by chromium and lead.

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“…The concentration of heavy metals was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS, Model 3030). The risk index for Pb and Cd in vegetables distributed in the fruits and vegetables central market of Arak was calculated using the formula proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential risk of heavy metals on human health due to the daily consumption of vegetables

Baghaie

Fereydoni

2019

Environ Health Eng Manag

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Background: Vegetables are one of the most important components of daily food. Thus, this research was done to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metals on human health due to the consumption of vegetables distributed in the fruits and vegetables central market of Arak, Iran. Methods: In this study, a total 45 samples from edible parts of parsley, mint, chard, fenugreek, cress, basil, coriander, lettuce, and cabbage distributed in the fruits and vegetables central market of Arak were randomly collected and the concentration of heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in these crop plants was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals intake through the consumption of the studied vegetables was evaluated for male and female using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method. Results: The highest and lowest Pb daily intake and Pb risk index was related to the consumption of cabbage and basil, respectively. And the highest daily intake of Cd and As was related to lettuce consumption, while the lowest daily intake of these metals was related to the consumption of coriander. Among the studied heavy metals, As had the highest hazard quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogenic diseases. The highest HQ belonged to As through lettuce consumption and the lowest one belonged to As through coriander consumption (58 g/day). The HQ for female was higher than that for male. Conclusion: According to the results, the total hazard quotient (THQ) of non-carcinogenic diseases from the total studied vegetables was above the standard level. On the other hand, the HQ for female was higher than that for male.

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Health Risks of Heavy Metals through Consumption of Greenhouse Vegetables Grown in Central Iran

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Investigation of heavy metals concentration in soil around a Pb-Zn mine and ecological risk assessment

Investigation of heavy metals concentration in soil around a Pb-Zn mine and ecological risk assessment

Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil, water, and vegetables of farms in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran

The potential risk of heavy metals on human health due to the daily consumption of vegetables

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