Health risk for children from lead and cadmium near a non-ferrous smelter in Bulgaria

Fischer, A.; Georgieva, R.; Nikolova, Vidka; Halkova, J.; Baĭnova, A; Hristeva, V.; Пенков, Д.; Alandjiisk, D.

doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00194

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Few reports exist of CBCd levels; only some data exist of blood Cd levels in children worldwide (Table 6). Of note, the CBCd and PCd levels in neonates from Guiyu were higher than those in neonates from most other cities in China and were higher than those in neonates from other countries (Fischer et al 2003; Galicia-García et al Hua et al 2006;Maervoet et al 2007;Moon et al 2003;Zhang et al 2004;Zhu et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China

Huo

Liu

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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This study aimed to determine the levels of placental cadmium (PCd) and cord blood cadmium (CBCd) and the resulting expression of placental metallothionein (MT) in neonates and to investigate cadmium (Cd) exposure levels in neonates and mothers who live in Guiyu, China, an electronic waste (e-waste) pollution site. Among the 423 mothers included in the study from 2004/2005 to 2007, 289 lived in Guiyu (exposed group) and 134 lived in Chaonan, located 10 km away from Guiyu (controls) and had never been exposed to e-waste pollution. CBCd and PCd levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Placental MT was examined by immunohistochemistry. Information on maternal and neonatal characteristics and exposure conditions was obtained from hospital records and by personal interviews. For the 3 years, the median CBCd was higher for Guiyu neonates than for controls (3.61 vs. 1.25 μg/L), with 25.61% of Guiyu subjects exhibiting a median CBCd that exceeded the safety limit defined by the World Health Organization (5 μg/L), as compared with 14.18% of control neonates (p < 0.01). In Guiyu, the mean PCd was higher than that for controls (0.17 ± 0.48 vs. 0.10 ± 0.11 μg/g, p ≤ 0.01). The high levels of CBCd and PCd were significantly associated with parents' occupational and environmental exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants. Staining for MT was positive and dense for 67.00% (67/100) of Guiyu neonates as compared with 32.69% (17/52) of controls (p < 0.01). Exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants increased Cd exposure in neonates, which was accompanied by increased placental MT expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China

Huo

Liu

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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“…As already mentioned in our previous work, the inhabitants living in element contaminated area are long-term exposed to the contaminated soil and the impact of risk elements should be evaluated also from biochemical, physiological, and hematological point of view (Amaral et al 2007). Fischer et al (2003) observed significant changes of selected hematological parameters in blood of children longterm exposed to enhanced concentrations of lead and cadmium close to a smelter. Phagocytic activity and some hematological parameters are known to be highly susceptible to alterations of nutritional and environmental factors including trace elements (Kostic et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Long-term effect of diet amended by risk elements contaminated soils on risk element penetration and physiological parameters of rats

Vlčková¹,

Malinová²,

Koubková³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The long-term accumulation of risk elements (As, Cd, Pb) originated from differently contaminated soils in rat organism was investigated during a model two-generation experiment. The effect of soil contamination level, gender, and length of exposure as well as the interactions between risk elements and selected essential macro-and microelements were studied. Rat diet contained 10% of individual soils (based on dry weight): (i) Fluvisol heavily polluted by As, Cd, Zn, and Pb, (ii) Luvisol contaminated by As, Cd, and Zn, and (iii) uncontaminated Chernozem. Male and female Wistar rats used for the experiment were housed in cages in a room with controlled temperature for 60 days and were fed ad libitum the mentioned diets. Subsequently, the pregnant females were continuously fed the experimental diet until weaning when the young animals were separated to male and female and fed the experimental diet till day 110 of age. The element contents in rat tissues reflected the risk element contents in contaminated soils. The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the risk elements decreased in the order Cd>As>Pb and was affected by the soil physicochemical parameters. No significant differences were observed between male and female rats as well as between the first and the second generation. However, interactions were reported among the risk elements where the high cadmium content in Fluvisol resulted in increasing arsenic accumulation in the rat liver. Moreover, arsenic-copper interactions were observed where significant increase of the copper level was determined in kidney of the animals fed Luvisol exceeding 50-fold the maximum permissible limits for As content in agricultural soils. Among the hematological and biochemical characteristics of rats, total erythrocyte count (Er), hematocrit (Hct) increased confirming adverse effect of soil-derived risk elements especially in male rats.

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“…Karadas and Kara (2011) mentioned potential risk of soil ingestion in the vicinity of zinc, lead, and manganese mines. Fischer et al (2003) observed significant changes of selected hematological parameters in the blood of children long-term exposed to enhanced concentrations of lead and cadmium close to a smelter. Phagocytic activity and some hematological parameters are known to be highly susceptible to alterations of nutritional and environmental factors including trace elements (Kostič et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of the diet amended with risk elements contaminated soil on risk elements content in tissues and hematological parameters of rats

Száková¹,

Novosadová²,

Zidek³

et al. 2012

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Penetration of rat organisms by risk elements (As, Cd, Pb) originated from differently contaminated soils as well as interactions between the risk elements and selected essential macro-and microelements were investigated. Rat diet contained 10% of individual soils (based on dry weight) which were: (i) Fluvisol heavily polluted by As, Cd, Zn, and Pb, (ii) Luvisol contaminated by As, Cd, and Zn, and (iii) uncontaminated Chernozem. Male Wistar rats used for the experiment were housed in cages in a room with controlled temperature for 60 days and fed ad libitum on the mentioned diet. The levels of both risk and essential elements were measured in liver, kidney, and bones of the animals and main biochemical parameters were determined to assess potential toxic effect of the soil-derived risk elements. Alternatively, in vitro Physiologically Based Bioavailability Test (PBET) was used for evaluation of the bioaccessible pool of elements in the soil-amended diets. The element contents in the rat tissues reflected the risk element contents in the contaminated soils. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the risk elements decreased in the order Cd > As > Pb and were influenced by the soil physicochemical parameters. Significant changes in essential elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, P) deposition in rat tissues attended the high levels of the risk elements. Total leukocyte count in the blood of the rats fed the heavy polluted soil indicated adverse effect of soil-derived risk elements on biochemical parameters of the animals.

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Health risk for children from lead and cadmium near a non-ferrous smelter in Bulgaria

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China

Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China

Long-term effect of diet amended by risk elements contaminated soils on risk element penetration and physiological parameters of rats

Effect of the diet amended with risk elements contaminated soil on risk elements content in tissues and hematological parameters of rats

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