Preserving the health of the working population is a priority direction of state policy. At present, the search for the most informative physiological, biochemical, immunological and other criteria for assessing the action of harmful factors is of great importance. The purpose of the study is to study the cytological structures in the cells of the mucous membranes when exposed to welding aerosols on the body of electric and gas welders. A diagnostic examination was carried out for electric and gas welders of the metallurgical plant of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Cytological laboratory parameters of cells of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity (buccal epithelium) and discharge from the nose (rhinocytogram) were analyzed under the influence of a harmful adverse production factor — welding aerosol (SA). The index of accumulation of cytogenetic disorders was used in the work — Index of accumulation of cytogenetic damage (Iac), which takes into account the indicators of cellular kinetics. The general hygienic assessment of the working conditions of electric and gas welders according to the criteria R 2.2.2006–05 corresponds to the harmful 3rd class of 2–3 degrees (3.1–3.2). The results of the study revealed cytogenetic disorders of buccal epithelium cells in 95,65 % of electric and gas welders. A low probability of cytogenetic disorders was found in 24,64 %, moderate — in 56,52 %, high — in 18,84 % of workers. When evaluating the rhinocytogram, an increase in the number of segmented neutrophils was found in 86,96 %, eosinophils in 39,13 %, reflecting nonspecific (microbial) and allergic inflammation. The data obtained made it possible to identify the important role of diagnostic procedures for identifying indicators of health disorders among the working population and the development of individual preventive measures.
