Health risk assessments of lithium titanate nanoparticles in rat liver cell model for its safe applications in nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Abstract

Due to their high chemical stability, lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) nanoparticles (LTT NPs) now are projected to be transferred into different nanotechnology areas like nano pharmacology and nano medicine. With the increased applications of LTT NPs for numerous purposes, the concerns about their potential human toxicity effects and their environmental impact are also increased. However, toxicity data for LTT NPs related to human health are very limited. Therefore we aimed to investigate toxicity potentials of various concentrations (0-1,000 ppm) of LTT NPs (<100 nm) in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. DNA damage was analyzed by scoring liver micronuclei rates and by determining 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that higher concentrations of dispersed LTT NPs (500 and 1,000 ppm) decreased cell viability. Also, LTT NPs increased TOS (300, 500 and 1,000 ppm) levels and decreased TAC (300, 500 and 1,000 ppm) levels in cultured hepatocytes. The results of genotoxicity tests revealed that LTT NPs did not cause significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. In conclusion, the obtained results showed for the first time that LTT NPs had dose dependent effects on oxidative damage and cytotoxicity but not genotoxicity in cultured primary rat hepatocytes for the first time.

Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of boron nitride nanoparticles: emphasis on toxicogenomics

“…After that 100 lL supernatant and 100 lL of reaction mixture were transferred to a fresh 96-well plate and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. Finally, the absorbance of the cultures was analyzed at 490 nm using a microplate reader (Turkez et al 2016).…”

“…To extract the NR from the HPAEpiC cells, a mixture of acetic acid (1 %) and ethanol (50 %) were added to the cell cultures and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. Finally, the microplate reader (Bio-Tek Instruments, USA) was used to analyze optical density of each sample at 540 nm (Turkez et al 2016).…”

The protective role of resveratrol against zinc oxide induced nanotoxicity

“…8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) assay kits were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) for determining 8-OH-dG levels in cultures. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the provider's manual (Turkez et al, 2016b). In genotoxicity assays, mitomycin-C (10 -7 M) was used as control (+).…”

Protective Mechanism of Xiyin Liangxue Decoction on Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Rats

“…It is believed that Xiyin liangxue decoction is more effective in treating IgA nephropathy rats than western medicine, although it takes a longer time, but with fewer side effects [5] . Turkez examined the potential toxicity of various concentrations (0-1000 ppm) of LTT NP (<100 nm) in cultured primary rat kidney cells through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-Base) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) determination and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release to detect cell viability and found that all aspects of kidney disease rats fed Xiyin liangxue decoction are better [6] . Shinoda pointed out that the key to treating IgA nephropathy rats is to reduce side effects and strengthen prognosis management.…”