Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Due to Untreated Wastewater Irrigated Vegetables

Nawaz, Ayesha; Hussain, Saddam; Waqas, Muhammad Sohail; Rasheed, Haroon Ur; Ali, Sikandar; Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar; Yasmeen, Zarina; Waqas, Muhammad Mohsin

doi:10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.01.03

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this study, the highest PLI found (0.36) was below 1, indicating that overall pollution of trace metals in the investigated samples was absent, but the I geo and CF have shown that the contamination potential for Cd, Cu, and Ni was moderate to strong, as displayed in Tables 7 and 8. In Pakistan, the human and environmental impacts of toxic metal concentrations, including in vegetables originating from untreated wastewater, remain a challenging matter in terms of research studies, food quality, food safety, and sustainability [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) at Different Application Levels

et al. 2021

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The application of untreated sewage sludge to cropland in water-deficient areas is common practice. A study was conducted to investigate the transfer of trace elements from sewage sludge to tomato crop and the potential health risk to humans. Two types of sewage sludge, ISS (I-9 Sector wastewater treatment plant, Islamabad) and WSS (Water and Sanitation Authority wastewater treatment plant, Faisalabad), were applied at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/w and compared with control (without any amendment). The test crop was tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Results revealed that the ECe of soil was increased by these treatments with respect to all application levels. The levels of Pb (lead) and Zn (Zinc) solubility in soil were increased about 46- and 28-fold by the application of ISS at 1.5% and 16- and 22-fold by the application of WSS at 1.5%, respectively. The highest shoot biomass was recorded with 0.5% level of WSS, while higher rates (1.0% and 1.5%) of both ISS and WSS showed significant (p < 0.001) decline in shoot biomass production, and the lowest SFW was recorded with the addition of ISS at 1.5% application rate (a significant reduction of 44%) compared to control. The pore water analysis and correlation depicted that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) controlled the release of Zn and Pb. The PLI (value < 1) indicated that the overall pollution of trace metals in the investigated samples was absent, but the Igeo and CF showed the contamination potential for Cd, Cu, and Ni was moderate to strong. DIM and HRI analysis suggested that the tomato was safe for human consumption. The HRI values for all trace metals were below the permissible limit (HRI = 1) described by USEPA-IRIS. It was concluded that a lower rate of both sewage sludge types produces more biomass and less accumulation of trace metals in the test crop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) at Different Application Levels

et al. 2021

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“…The cycle of hydrology specifies the collection of mechanisms that carry water flow via system. The hydrological process is determined by evaporation, which is severely affected by the system due to the high pollution of wetlands, oceans as well as rivers (Nawaz et al, 2020;Daud et al, 2017). The rainfall ratio to agriculture is 5 to 10%.…”

Section: Less Rainstormmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on Emerging Water Scarcity Challange in Pakistan, Its Consumption, Causes, Impacts and Remedial Measures

Hussain¹,

Malik²,

Cheema³

et al. 2020

Big. data. water. resour.

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Around two-thirds of the earth’s surface covered with water, it is obvious that water is among the most significant aspects that are essential for the life of human being. It is not only important to live, but also important to take a part in social and financial development. Water is God’s personalized gift, as well as the necessity of life. Due to high level of gluttony, misused play of people with the environment and the global climate, shift results in progressive diminishing of natural resources. The problems of freshwater and food security at global level linked to the overwhelming population of the world. To overcome the food and water scarcity challenge, there is required to transfer the freshwater from agriculture sector to other straining purposes. Pakistan is facing the meager water scarcity crises in the last few years, as water is becoming scarce to any specified usage. The quickly growing population, expansion of drainage regions, increasing urbanization and industrialization put a lot of stress on available water supplies. At the moment, there is dire need to harvest rain water by constructing more dams and focus on effective management strategies for further use. Specifically, authors are recommended that, water should be provided demand base instead of supply base irrigation system. Moreover, in addition to land tax, tax on irrigation water quantity/usage should be rectified.

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“…Total dissolved solids were the aggregate of all organic and in-organic substances present in a liquid in ionized, molecular and suspended state. TDS were measured by TDS meter (Nawaz et al, 2020).…”

Section: Total Dissolved Solids (Tds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Testing of Self Sustainable Bio-Reactor for Biogas Production

Mudassar¹,

Hussain²,

Shafique³

et al. 2020

Big.data.Agr

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The increasing demand of energy and its production cost from the fossils fuels is directing to develops the renewable resources of the energy for the sustainable environment for the future generation. To cope the energy crises in the agriculture-based countries the scientific community was focusing on exploring new low cost self-sustainable biogas production reactor design. In this approach, biogas reactor was designed where solar energy as an input energy source for heating the feedstock in bioreactor was used. Optimization of biogas production at different temperatures were analyzed. A six liters double jacket reactor was developed in which hot water circulated. Hot water moved from solar collector to other side. The purpose of hot water circulation was to maintain inner tank (slurry tank) hotter every time. It's required temperature about 35 o C-45 o C for mesophilic conditions. Bio-gas production was tested at different temperature ranges. Production of biogas was tested at 10% total solids and 90% liquid. The findings show that higher temperature favored more yield. This study also focused on zero waste bio-reactor that could be used for further field application. Development of self-sustainable bio-reactor that has natural energy source (sunlight) and portable bioreactor that could be moved to any place.

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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Due to Untreated Wastewater Irrigated Vegetables

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) at Different Application Levels

Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) at Different Application Levels

An Overview on Emerging Water Scarcity Challange in Pakistan, Its Consumption, Causes, Impacts and Remedial Measures

Development and Testing of Self Sustainable Bio-Reactor for Biogas Production

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