Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water: a case study in western cities of Mazandaran province, Iran

Niknejad, Hadi; Saeedi, Reza; Hosseini, Seyed Arman; Sarvestani, Roghayeh Abedi; Abtahi, Mehrnoosh; Arani, Mohsen Hesami; Babanezhad, Esmaeil; Gholami-Borujeni, Fathollah

doi:10.1080/03067319.2022.2162391

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the field of QMRA, it is customary to utilize MCS as a means to effectively depict the variability or uncertainty of parameters. Following the development of the model, MCS was performed with Crystal Ball software added to Microsoft Excel software to quantify parameters and analyze the data [ 31 , 32 ]. The amount of swallowed water and the concentration of E.coli and enterococci in the water samples obtained from the studied recreational beaches were included in the model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring usually includes measuring two indicator bacteria, intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), to determine whether fecal contamination is present. These microorganisms are trustworthy markers of the degree of fecal pollution in the water [ [10] , [11] , [12] ]. The Caspian Sea's coastline waters have been contaminated due to the unsanitary discharge of industrial, household, and agricultural waste into the body of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative microbial risk assessment of gastrointestinal illness due to recreational exposure to E. coli and enterococci on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea

Niknejad,

Hoseinvandtabar,

Panahandeh

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of gastrointestinal illness due to recreational exposure to E. coli and enterococci on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea

Niknejad,

Hoseinvandtabar,

Panahandeh

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…The probability of cancer risk (PCR) for groundwater resources was estimated as an individual's incremental lifetime risk of developing cancer from exposure to a potential carcinogen. The PCR for each carcinogenic metal is calculated as follows [27,28]:…”

Section: Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Groundwater Samples in Rada'a City, Yemen

Meftah,

Al-Majdad,

Elayah

2023

TU. J. Nat. Appl. Sci.

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Groundwater is an important source of domestic drinking water supply, and groundwater quality assessment is necessary to reduce pollution to acceptable levels. Therefore, this study aims to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (HM) (Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, and Zn) in the groundwater of Rada'a City and to evaluate the health risk. Groundwater samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The following average concentrations (mg/l) were determined in the groundwater 0.01035, 0.01702, 0.043718, and 0.03652 for Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn were concentration values lower than the World Health Organization acceptable limit (WHO) 2, 0,07,0.4, and 4 for Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn, respectively, but at some locations in the study area, concentration values were found to be above the acceptable limit 0.3 (mg/l) for Fe, the average concentrations were 0.42567 (mg/l). Based on the HM concentrations, the health risk was classified as non-carcinogenic. The health risk indices (HRI) were < 1 for all HMs in the groundwater samples, indicating no health risk. In addition, a high carcinogenic risk (Probability of Cancer Risk, PCR) of 4.42 × 10−4 on average was found from drinking water consumption, while the acceptable range for cancer risk is ≤ 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4.

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of arsenic concentration in drinking water sources of Iran

Shokoohi,

Khazaei,

Mostafaloo

et al. 2024

Environ Geochem Health

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Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water: a case study in western cities of Mazandaran province, Iran

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of gastrointestinal illness due to recreational exposure to E. coli and enterococci on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of gastrointestinal illness due to recreational exposure to E. coli and enterococci on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea

Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Groundwater Samples in Rada'a City, Yemen

Systematic review and meta-analysis of arsenic concentration in drinking water sources of Iran

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