Health risk assessment of fluoride with other parameters in ground water of Sikar city (India)

Abstract

Geochemical processes are identified as controlling factors of groundwater chemistry, including chemical leaching and fluoride contaminations. These geochemical processes are identified using characterization of the major physico-chemical parameters of ground water from northern part of Sikar city. For this purpose, 15 ground water samples have collected and analyzed for different water quality parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, TH, TA, DO, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate and fluoride with the help of standard methods recommended by American Public Health Association. The analysis indicated that fluoride concentrations in four samples are at alarming state as compared to the World Health Organization standards for drinking purposes, thereby suggesting the need for treatment and precautionary measures for use of the particular ground water. The increased fluoride level in the ground water of Sikar city is due to the some geological process such as dissolution of fluoride rich mineral (fluorspar) in the favorable environment. To classify the ground water ability for different purposes various graphical plots like Piper tri-linear, Durov, Schoeller, Bar, Scatter diagrams have been drawn. On the basis of physicochemical, graphical and statistical analysis (Spearman's Rank correlations), various dimension of improving water quality for drinking purposes have also been suggested.

Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals from the Coal Gangue under the Impact of Site Ordovician Limestone Karst Water from Closed Shandong Coal Mines, North China

“…However, DO is a key parameter to measure water purification capacity, which always depends upon the organic content and temperature in water samples. 28,29 From the diagram in Figure 8, we can see that the DO values of all solutions had similar overall trends, were slightly higher in the A sample than in the others before 216 h, and had the general order of A > B > C > D, indicating a better water purification capacity for site karst water in the earlier stages, which can also be seen in Figure 9 from the turbidity images of the coal gangue for different solutions after 96 h. The greatest differences among the DO values in the four solutions occurred during this time, except at 648 h. All curves decreased first and then stabilized at 9.25 mg/L after 24−72 h, and they continued to decline to their lowest values of 8.4−8.5 mg/L after 144 h, rapidly grew to approximately 9.2 mg/L after 216 h, and then gradually increased up to a range of 9.76−10.1 mg/ L, with the largest difference being present after 648 h. DO also had a general order of C > D > A > B after 216 h, indicating a strong decline in water purification capacity in the site karst water after the long-term effects between the coal gangue and water. Moreover, the water purification capacity for solution pH values of 7.3 and 9.3 was obviously better than for the solution pH of 5.3.…”

Environmental and Health Risks Posed by Heavy Metal Contamination of Groundwater in the Sunan Coal Mine, China

“…In this study, Health Risk Assessment was used to objectively estimate the degree of impact from damage by heavy metals pollution in groundwater on human health [ 30 ]. The purpose of this evaluation is to provide scientific support for health risk management, domestic water safety, and water environment protection [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Studying the health risks of heavy metals pollution of groundwater in coal mining areas can find out whether the groundwater was severely contaminated by coal mining activities, and thus provide a basis for groundwater protection policies [ 4 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Fluoride exposure and its health risk assessment in drinking water and staple food in the population of Dayyer, Iran, in 2013

“…In this study, the exposure pathways considered were either drinking water and very high consumed local foodstuffs including vegetables, date, and fish. [ 11 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 ]…”