Health Risk Assessment Associated With the Implementation of the Madeira Ahydroelectric Complex, Brazilian Amazon

Barcellos, Christovam; Xavier, Diego Ricardo; Bulcão, José Antônio Simas; Silva, Heliana Vilela de Oliveira; Luigi, Giovannini; Silva, Denise De Sousa Da; Moura, Fernando Henrique; Rovere, Emı́lio Lebre La

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc0019r1vu18l4ft

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…While previous studies investigated a variety of impacts of hydropower dams on local populations’ health [ 7 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 39 , 45 , 46 ], to the best of our knowledge none of them have analyzed locally acquired and exported malaria infections over an extended time frame, covering the periods before, during and after the construction. The present investigation aimed to fill this gap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of hydropower dam construction on malaria incidence: Space-time analysis in the Brazilian Amazon

Johansen

Moran

Ferreira

2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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During the first two decades of the 21st century, Brazil carried out massive public investments on infrastructure projects, such as large hydropower dams, with potential impact on population health. Here we characterize local malaria transmission and its potential spread during the construction of three large hydropower dams in the Brazilian Amazon. We focus on Porto Velho (PVH), in Rondônia state, where the Santo Antônio and Jirau dams were built (2008–2013), and Altamira region (ATM), in Pará state, where the construction of the Belo Monte dam took place (2011–2016). Analyzed data cover 4 years before, 6 years during, and 4 years after each dam construction. In total, we utilized malaria case notifications entered into the electronic malaria notification system of the Ministry of Health of Brazil between January 2004 and December 2020 (n = 39,977,167 malaria notifications). First, we used Interrupted Time-Series Analysis (ITSA) to assess temporal changes in malaria notifications in the study sites. Then, we conducted a space-time cluster analysis to investigate the potential of malaria spread from the study sites (sources) to elsewhere (sinks). Finally, we present the sociodemographic characteristics of exported cases over time using multivariate logistic regressions. Our results show that there was no upsurge in malaria cases in the study sites and exported cases did not trigger outbreaks in other localities. Exported malaria infections originating from PVH and ATM were typically found in working age literate males involved in mining, farming or traveling. We suggest that efficient control measures, such as ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment; fostering integrated vector control; promoting health education; and prevention, detection and containment of outbreaks, if properly implemented and sustained, may prevent local and introduced malaria outbreaks during and after hydropower dam construction in the Amazon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of hydropower dam construction on malaria incidence: Space-time analysis in the Brazilian Amazon

Johansen

Moran

Ferreira

2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…The increased API in urban areas may be associated with the production of urban space that accompanied the construction of HPSs on the Madeira River and the plants' social and geographic impacts 10,12,14 . In assessing the legacy of the Jirau and Santo Antônio HPSs, it is patent that the projects strengthened Porto Velho's status as a regional economic hub.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Founded in 1907, the municipality has experienced cycles of deforestation and the construction of projects, roads and dams, which have altered social conditions and land use 11 . Since 2000, Porto Velho has undergone a particularly dramatic transformation due to the construction of two hydroelectric power stations (HPS) along the Madeira River 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Urban Space and the occurrence of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: the Porto Velho case

Marques

Angelo

Lima³

et al. 2021

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Due to intense ongoing urbanization in the Amazon, the urban pattern of malaria may be changing, both in its spatial distribution and epidemiological profile. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the process of production of urban space in Porto Velho, the capital of the state of Rondonia, Brazil has contributed to the occurrence and maintenance of urban malaria. Using data collected from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-Malaria), we calculated malaria indices for the districts of Porto Velho from 2005 to 2018. We also developed two typologies for classifying urban space based on functional characteristics and features of the landscape. While the former considers characteristics of urban space in Porto Velho, the latter is based on suitability for malaria vectors. We found that the annual parasite index declined in Porto Velho during the study period. However, changes in the index were not uniform across the districts of the city. Periurban areas showed no decline in the index, which we attribute to these areas’ high vegetation density and hydrological characteristics.

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“…Scudder (2012) mentions that for individuals who were resettled, it is common to see multidimensional stress (physiological, psychological, and sociocultural) associated with the displacement. In Brazil, studies have covered a wide range of dam‐associated health impacts, focusing on outcomes such as malaria (Barcellos et al 2018), syphilis, homicides and suicides (da Silva Marques et al 2018; Gristotti 2016); leishmaniasis (Ferreira et al 2011); stress, hypertension, undernourishment, respiratory problems, and alcoholism (Giongo and Mendes 2015; Rosa et al 2018). Yet, to our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the association between self‐rated health, community resources, and social capital loss in the context of large hydropower dam construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydropower, Social Capital, Community Impacts, and Self‐Rated Health in the Amazon*

et al. 2021

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Nations in the global South have developed hydropower projects at a rapid pace in recent decades, most notably Brazil and China. These projects have longdocumented impacts on social and ecological systems, yet the implications of hydropower for human well-being and health are not fully understood. In this paper, we examine eight Brazilian Amazon communities in the Madeira river basin, near the Jirau and Santo Antônio dams (sample size: 536 households). We evaluate how impacts on community resources, social capital, and the experience of resettlement influence self-rated health in these communities. Results suggest that the dams strained community resources and social capital, which were associated with reductions in self-rated health. In particular, cognitive social capital (i.e., trust) is lower after the dams' construction. The effect of resettlement and compensation is more nuanced and qualified. This work suggests that hydropower projects have broad deleterious impacts on well-being and health of human populations in hosting regions and that better directed efforts are required on the part of dam developers to reduce these negative outcomes. *The authors wish to thank the National Science Foundation, which through grants 1639115 and 2020790 have provided financial support for this research. They also wish to thank their colleagues at the Federal University of Rondonia (UNIR) who provided local support and expert advice that made survey question formulation and its field collection possible. Numerous students from this university served as enumerators and their local knowledge was very important to this work. They also wish to thank postdocs Juliana Laffer, Amanda Silvino, and Jynessa Dutka-Gianelli, who were in charge of the field survey; Carolina Doria, Mariluce Paes, and other faculty at UNIR were always ready to support the work and we are grateful. Finally, Laura Castro-Diaz and Maria Alejandra Garcia provided inmense support on the survey design. The people in the eight communities were patient in answering our numerous questions and we hope the results herein can lead to improved livelihoods in the future. Despite all this, the authors wish to declare that any errors are the sole responsibility of the authors.

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Health Risk Assessment Associated With the Implementation of the Madeira Ahydroelectric Complex, Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

The impact of hydropower dam construction on malaria incidence: Space-time analysis in the Brazilian Amazon

The impact of hydropower dam construction on malaria incidence: Space-time analysis in the Brazilian Amazon

Production of Urban Space and the occurrence of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: the Porto Velho case

Hydropower, Social Capital, Community Impacts, and Self‐Rated Health in the Amazon*

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