Health risk assessment and heavy metal contamination levels in vegetables from Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Ametepey, Samuel Teye; Cobbina, Samuel Jerry; Akpabey, Felix Jerry; Duwiejuah, Abudu Ballu; Abuntori, Zita Naangmenyele

doi:10.1186/s40550-018-0067-0

Cited by 114 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The average daily intake (ADI) of heavy metal was calculated as described in previous report [6]. The chemometric model where Cm is the measured heavy metal concentration in the vegetable presented in Table 4 a limit taken from FAO/WHO [25][26][27], also in Table 4.…”

Section: Average Daily Intake (Adi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agricultural agents have led to release of heavy metals in the environment [5]. Health of population is impaired as people ingest foods contaminated by heavy metals [6]. The presence of heavy metals in the environment has become a major threat to plant, animal and human life due their bioaccumulating tendency and toxicity [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy metals in vegetables are of growing concern due to the fact that some soils and irrigation water have been shown to be polluted [15]. Uptake of heavy metals depends on the type of vegetable as some accumulate higher levels of heavy metals than other [3,6,16]. Once vegetables containing high amounts of heavy metals get eaten by man, such metals can cause many clinical and physiological problems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumers of vegetable from markets are exposed to heavy metals via consumption and dermal contact. Literature reveals that vegetables sold in markets may be contaminated by heavy metals above stipulated limits of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) [6,15,16]. Unfortunately, there is paucity of data regarding the levels of heavy metals in vegetables that are openly sold in public markets in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring and modeling of heavy metal contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State, Nigeria

Isiuku

Enyoh

2020

Environ Anal Health Toxicol

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Vegetable consumption is one major exposure route of heavy metals to humans, but few data exist for Imo State, Nigeria. We assessed the contamination levels and associated health risk of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in vegetables (Telfairia occidentalis, Pterocarpus mildbraedii, Gongronenina latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina) that are consumed frequently from markets (n=16) in three zones of Imo State, Nigeria. After wet-digestion of samples, the supernatant were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations in the four vegetables ranged from 0.006±0.003 mg/kg to 0.011±0.007 mg/kg for Cd, 0.064±0.012 mg/kg to 1.225±0.226 mg/kg for Co, 10.711±1.968 mg/kg to 25.088±13.975 mg/kg for Cu, 0.062±0.013 mg/kg to 0.307±0.210 mg/kg for Ni, 0.006±0.005 mg/kg to 0.012±0.002 mg/kg for Pb and 63.55±4.055 mg/kg to 104.126±24.080 mg/kg for Zn. Except for Zn, all heavy metals in the various vegetables were below the joint standard of Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization. Although, overall load of heavy metal was very low, Zn had the highest contamination factor in vegetables. Heavy metals concentrations in vegetables generally showed low to high variations and statistically different (p<0.05). Average daily intake was below the provisional tolerance limit except for Zn. The target hazard quotient of metals in vegetables for both children and adults were below 1, indicating no potential risk to the public. Overall, heavy metals hazard index were below 1, indicating acceptable level of non-carcinogenic adverse health effect. However, potential multi-element contamination from ingestion is possible as revealed by the correlation profiling of heavy metals.

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Section: Average Daily Intake (Adi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring and modeling of heavy metal contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State, Nigeria

Isiuku

Enyoh

2020

Environ Anal Health Toxicol

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“…There are other reports, here in Ghana that indicate low health concern for cadmium in the selected samples studied [64]. In China, studies have shown acceptable limits (HQ < 1) at certain sites with hazard quotient of cadmium in vegetables ranging from 0.2 to 0.49 [61].…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels In Selected Samplesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Selected Chemical Hazards in Cabbage and Lettuce

W¹,

Akomea-Frempong²,

J³

et al. 2018

J Toxicol Risk Assess

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The objective of this study was to determine health risks associated with consumption of cabbage and lettuce sampled in an urban industrialized study area. Samples were initially digested in Teflon vessels using HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 , homogenized in Na 2 SO 4 , agitated in a mixture of hexane/acetone, cleaned-up and analyzed in ICP-MS in order to quantify toxic heavy metals. The PAH content was also quantified in GC-MS against reference PAH congeners. Food frequency questionnaire designed based on the US EPA format, was used to collect elements of chronic daily intake and information on consumption characteristics of the selected samples. The data was processed in Palisade@Risk-based Microsoft Excel, where distributions were fitted for the elements of chronic daily intake. Exposure quantifications of hazards based on the US EPA guidelines, presented hazard quotients and risks, relative to the respective reference doses and cancer slopes factors (CSF). Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILTCR) were determined as the product of the CSF of the carcinogens and their chronic exposures. The modal and median mercury exposures were low but the exposures of total PAHs (expressed as benzo[a]pyrene-BaP) were extremely high. The hazard quotients revealed that cadmium and mercury had negligible risks (HQ ≤ 1). Though the median and modal ILTCR showed lead to have low health risk concerns (≤ 10-6), the uncertainty ranging from 0 to 3 out-10-thousand consumers revealed insidous risk unacceptability. Similarly, even though the modal and median values of ILTCR of arsenic appeared acceptable (≤ 10-6), the risk uncertainty ranging from 0 to 6 out-1-thousand consumers, still raise health concerns. The median and modal ILTCR values of BaP suggested both a cautiously acceptable risk (≥ 10-6 ≤ 10-4) and a barely negligible risk (≤ 10-6) levels respectively. Thus, every effort must be made to mitigate the seriously high risks lurking in the study area.

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Non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in cooked beans and vegetables in Punjab, North India

Kharkwal,

Choudhary,

Bains

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Beans and vegetables are consumed with cereals in India on daily basis. The aim of the study was to assess carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in cooked beans and cooked vegetables consumed by adults (18–59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) subjects from two districts (Ludhiana and Bathinda) of Punjab. A total of 150 households were selected from 30 different locations covering both rural and urban areas. The mean daily consumption of beans and vegetables in Ludhiana was recorded as 35.09 and 215.93 g, respectively. The corresponding figures in Bathinda were observed as 26.85 and 230.54 g. The average amounts of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were 1.44 × 10−5, 8.21 × 10−5, 1.30 × 10−3, and 2.61 × 10−7 mg/kg for cooked vegetables in urban households of Ludhiana district, respectively. The corresponding values for rural households were 1.53 × 10−5, 5.58 × 10−5, and 2.98 × 10−4 mg/kg while mercury was not detected. The mean chronic daily intake (CDI) of arsenic from cooked beans was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher in urban adult males of Ludhiana (7.74 × 10−9 mg/kg/day) and Bathinda (5.31 × 10−9 mg/kg/day) compared to their rural counterparts. Similar trend was observed in CDI of heavy metals from vegetables. The mean CDI of cadmium from cooked vegetables in urban adult females of Ludhiana (3.76 × 10−7 mg/kg/day) was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher than their rural counterparts and both urban and rural adult females of Bathinda. The study concluded that the subjects of both districts were found safe from non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk associated with heavy metals present in cooked beans and vegetables, except for urban subjects and rural adult subjects of Ludhiana district who had cancer risk due to cadmium present in cooked vegetable samples.

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Health risk assessment and heavy metal contamination levels in vegetables from Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

Monitoring and modeling of heavy metal contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State, Nigeria

Monitoring and modeling of heavy metal contents in vegetables collected from markets in Imo State, Nigeria

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Selected Chemical Hazards in Cabbage and Lettuce

Non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in cooked beans and vegetables in Punjab, North India

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