Health-Related Quality of Life, Family Conflicts and Fear of Injecting: Perception Differences between Preadolescents and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Mothers

Abstract

Good management of diabetes requires at the same time self-regulation behaviour and a balanced involvement of family components. This cross-sectional study’s aims were: understanding fear of injections and perceptions of family conflicts in preadolescents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their mothers, comparing their perceptions, and identifying the risk factors impacting patients’ quality of life. Eligibility criteria were: treatment for diabetes mellitus type I, currently aged 10–18 years, attending the hospital for annual hospital follow-ups. Exclusion criteria were: intellectual disabilities, inability to complete questionnaires alone and neuropsychiatric illness with active pharmacotherapy. The study design was cross-sectional. Participants were one hundred and two patients (Mean age = 14.6, SD = 2.4; age range = 10–19 years; Females = 52 and Males = 50) and their mothers (Mean age = 46.9, SD = 6.2, age range = 27–63 years), who filled in self and proxy-report questionnaires (N total= 204). The results showed that 20% of patients and 14.7% of their mothers reported clinical scores for fear of self-injection and blood testing. The mothers reported lower fear of injecting and higher family conflicts compared with the patients. Age, fear of injecting and family conflicts were significantly associated with patients’ quality of life perceptions. Clinical considerations and recommendations are given based on the empirical results.

Virus-like silica nanoparticles enhance macromolecule permeationin vivo

“…Studies showed that over half of patients were reluctant to receive insulin therapy due to needle pain, and the fear of self-injecting is common in adolescents with Type I diabetes. 4,5 Thus, finding a pain-free or non-invasive way to administer therapeutic macromolecules such as insulin is important to improve the patient compliance and ultimately, their quality of life. Many non-invasive administration routes have been studied preclinically and clinically, including oral or nasal administration or delivery via topical and transdermal routes.…”

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Diabetes Strengths and Resilience Measure for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

“…During adolescence, the increased need for insulin, greater desire for independence, immature cognitive function, and more time spent out of the house can disrupt these routines and potentially lead to unwanted complications ( 7 , 8 ). Moreover, adolescents’ changing relationship with their parents during this period, which is often marked by increased conflict, and the transfer of responsibility for T1DM management from parents to adolescents make it more difficult for parents to be involved in the process and reduces treatment adherence ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). Adolescents with T1DM are also susceptible to mental health disorders, such as diabetes distress and depression ( 12 ).…”

Assessment of Experience, Fears, Barriers and Adherence to Insulin Injection Among the Parents of Children with Diabetes

“…Each response is graded on a 4-point Likert scale; 1: almost never, 2: Sometimes, 3: Often, 4: Almost all the time. Calculating the mean raw score for each sub-dimension was conducted and higher scores indicate greater fear, and the D-FISQ total score extends from 0 to 45 [15][16][17]. A score of ≥6 is considered a positive fear of injection.…”