Health Regulations for Air Travel (II)

Kyle, J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4590.1115

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Not only did the number of required inoculations now depend both on the route that was to be flown, responsibility for complying with the regulations of each country (many of which were contradictory or mutually exclusive) was transferred to individual passengers (Barrett, 1947(Barrett, , 1949. Variations in the validity of immunization certificates, with regards to dates of commencement and cessation (and even the dosage, type, and manufacturer of the serum that could be used), were another source of confusion (Kyle, 1948). For the smallpox vaccine alone, validity varied from a minimum of 12 days to 1 year after vaccination in Thailand to 21 days/2 years in Egypt, even though the international standard was nominally set at 14 days/3 years (Kyle, 1948).…”

Section: Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in the validity of immunization certificates, with regards to dates of commencement and cessation (and even the dosage, type, and manufacturer of the serum that could be used), were another source of confusion (Kyle, 1948). For the smallpox vaccine alone, validity varied from a minimum of 12 days to 1 year after vaccination in Thailand to 21 days/2 years in Egypt, even though the international standard was nominally set at 14 days/3 years (Kyle, 1948). One possible explanation for these variations was that the adoption of universal standards would require the partial abrogation of sovereignty on behalf of the individual countries concerned as ''the sanitary staff engaged in this work would be responsible not to local directors of medical services, but to the World Health Organisation of the United Nations'' (Flight, 1947: 95).…”

Section: Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Of plagues, planes and politics: Controlling the global spread of infectious diseases by air

Budd

Bell

Brown

2009

Political Geography

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In recent years, the implications of globalisation for the spread of infectious diseases has begun to emerge as an area of concern to political geographers. Unsurprisingly, much of the contemporary literature focuses on the multifarious threats posed by human and, increasingly, non-human mobility. Prompted by current geo-political concerns surrounding the public health implications of regular international air travel, this paper extends such research by exploring the ways in which the technology of the aeroplane stimulated the production of new international sanitary initiatives aimed at safeguarding global public health in an era of mass aeromobility. By tracing the development of sanitary regulations for aerial navigation, from their origins in the 1920s through the twentieth century in particular, we document the emergence of a series of public health interventions that were designed to limit the public health threat associated with increased international air travel and the concomitant rise in the mobility of infectious diseases. From inoculation certificates to quarantine and the routine 'disinsection' of passenger aircraft with powerful insecticides, modern air travel is replete with a complex set of procedures designed to lessen the risks associated with flying between different climatic and ecological zones. Our detailed examination of the historical context in which these procedures were devised and implemented leads us to consider the importance of time and space, power and efficacy, to the development of a more nuanced understanding of the shifting public health response to an increasingly fluid, mobile, and inter-connected society.3

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