Health Reform and De Facto Federalism in China

Evaluation, in three provinces, of the introduction and impact of China’s National Essential Medicines Scheme

“…However, the official documents for this reform provide only guiding principles that encourage the local adaptation and piloting of the NEMS, 21,22 including the use of the National Essential Drugs List (now widely augmented 14,23 ) and strategies to compensate health-care providers for income lost as a result of the zeromark-up policy.…”

Health System in China

“…These four elementsthe NEDL, zero markup, reimbursement of certain drug costs by insurers, and public procurementwere designed by the government to wrest control of the public pharmaceutical sector from the private sector. However, the official HSR documents encourage local adaptation of the broad design (Ho 2010), including the NEDL (which has indeed been widely augmented (Guan et al 2011;Shi et al 2011)) and strategies to compensate providers for the zero markup policy. Few evaluations of the impact of the Scheme have emerged.…”

Strategies and servicescapes: Delivering user‐focused health care in Europe and China

“…In France, the individual needs to pay some of the bill and government claims the partial individual payment to be necessary. In China, there is a mixed version that guarantees a level of basic universal health care, whilst allowing market space to meet additional demands (Ho, ). There are arguments to suggest that benefits result from some form of nationwide government provision (Glouberman, Campsie, Gemar, & Miller, ).…”

“…In France, the individual needs to pay some of the bill and government claims the partial individual payment to be necessary. In China, there is a mixed version that guarantees a level of basic universal health care, whilst allowing market space to meet additional demands (Ho, 2010).…”