Health promotion research in the United Nations' Post-2015 agenda

Corbin, J. Hope

doi:10.1093/heapro/dau115

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This review located eight studies of interventions aiming to address one or more sexual risk practices among HIV-positive adolescents or youth [88–93], but data on intervention effects were only available for four interventions, which are included in this review [40–42,78]. Three of the included intervention studies were individual-level randomised controlled trials [41,42,78] (Table 5), with one pre- and post-test experimental design study [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex in the shadow of HIV: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2017

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BackgroundEvidence on sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes the extant research on prevalence, factors associated with, and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsStudies were located through electronic databases, grey literature, reference harvesting, and contact with researchers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Quantitative studies that reported on HIV-positive participants (10–24 year olds), included data on at least one of eight outcomes (early sexual debut, inconsistent condom use, older partner, transactional sex, multiple sexual partners, sex while intoxicated, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy), and were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa were included. Two authors piloted all processes, screened studies, extracted data independently, and resolved any discrepancies. Due to variance in reported rates and factors associated with sexual risk-taking, meta-analyses were not conducted.Results610 potentially relevant titles/abstracts resulted in the full text review of 251 records. Forty-two records (n = 35 studies) reported one or multiple sexual practices for 13,536 HIV-positive adolescents/youth from 13 sub-Saharan African countries. Seventeen cross-sectional studies reported on individual, relationship, family, structural, and HIV-related factors associated with sexual risk-taking. However, the majority of the findings were inconsistent across studies, and most studies scored <50% in the quality checklist. Living with a partner, living alone, gender-based violence, food insecurity, and employment were correlated with increased sexual risk-taking, while knowledge of own HIV-positive status and accessing HIV support groups were associated with reduced sexual risk-taking. Of the four intervention studies (three RCTs), three evaluated group-based interventions, and one evaluated an individual-focused combination intervention. Three of the interventions were effective at reducing sexual risk-taking, with one reporting no difference between the intervention and control groups.ConclusionSexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth is high, with inconclusive evidence on potential determinants. Few known studies test secondary HIV-prevention interventions for HIV-positive youth. Effective and feasible low-cost interventions to reduce risk are urgently needed for this group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex in the shadow of HIV: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2017

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“…For example, the situation can be vulnerable when sustainability depends on one person, such as a program champion, as sustainability might diminish when that person leaves the organization. 18 , 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of outdoor school ground smoking bans at secondary schools: a mixed-method study

Rozema

Mathijssen

Jansen

et al. 2017

European Journal of Public Health

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BackgroundAlthough increasing numbers of countries are implementing outdoor school ground smoking bans at secondary schools, less attention is paid to the post-implementation period even though sustainability of a policy is essential for long-term effectiveness. Therefore, this study assesses the level of sustainability and examines perceived barriers/facilitators related to the sustainability of an outdoor school ground smoking ban at secondary schools.MethodsA mixed-method design was used with a sequential explanatory approach. In phase I, 438 online surveys were conducted and in phase II, 15 semi-structured interviews were obtained from directors of relevant schools. ANOVA (phase I) and a thematic approach (phase II) were used to analyze data.ResultsLevel of sustainability of an outdoor school ground smoking ban was high at the 48% Dutch schools with an outdoor smoking ban. Furthermore, school size was significantly associated with sustainability. The perceived barriers/facilitators fell into three categories: (i) smoking ban implementation factors (side-effects, enforcement, communication, guidelines and collaboration), (ii) school factors (physical environment, school culture, education type and school policy) and (iii) community environment factors (legislation and social environment).ConclusionsInternationally, the spread of outdoor school ground smoking bans could be further promoted. Once implemented, the ban has become ‘normal’ practice and investments tend to endure. Moreover, involvement of all staff is important for sustainability as they function as role models, have an interrelationship with students, and share responsibility for enforcement. These findings are promising for the sustainability of future tobacco control initiatives to further protect against the morbidity/mortality associated with smoking.

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“… 24 From the perspective of head teachers, there may be barriers to increased school involvement which need further attention before implementing a formal initiative. 25 These centre on time, academic pressures, the requirement for more expert support and better facilities and resources within schools. It was also recognised that for obesity prevention in schools to be successful, it needed to be an integral part of the education agenda rather than an additional initiative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General practice views of managing childhood obesity in primary care: a qualitative analysis

2017

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ObjectiveTo explore general practice staff views of managing childhood obesity in primary care.DesignA qualitative study to elicit the views of clinical and non-clinical general practice staff on managing childhood obesity.SettingInterviews were conducted at 30 general practices across England. These practices were interviewed as part of the Quality and Outcomes Framework Pilot Study.ParticipantsA total of 52 staff from 30 practices took part in a semi-structured interview.Main outcome measuresKey themes were identified through thematic analysis of transcripts using an inductive approach.ResultsThree themes were identified: lack of contact with well children, sensitivity of the issue, and the potential impact of general practice. Identifying overweight children was challenging because well children rarely attended the practice. Interviewees felt ill equipped to solve the issue because they lacked influence over the environmental, economic and lifestyle factors underpinning obesity. They described little evidence to support general practice intervention and seemed unaware of other services. Raising the issue was described as sensitive.ConclusionGeneral practice staff were unconvinced that they could have a significant role in managing childhood obesity on a large scale. Participants believed schools have more contact with children and should coordinate the identification and management of overweight children. Future policy could recommend a minor role for general practice involving opportunistically identifying overweight children and signposting to obesity services.

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Health promotion research in the United Nations' Post-2015 agenda

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Sex in the shadow of HIV: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa

Sex in the shadow of HIV: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa

Sustainability of outdoor school ground smoking bans at secondary schools: a mixed-method study

General practice views of managing childhood obesity in primary care: a qualitative analysis

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