Health Promotion: Causes, Beliefs and Measurements

Galloway, Robert D.

doi:10.3121/cmr.1.3.249

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In recent years, the United States' system in particular has been criticized for the high level of costs associated with the provision of care and delivery of healthcare services. Healthcare expenditures in the United States have risen dramatically from roughly $73 billion in 1970 to an estimated $1,600 billion in 2003 as Americans continue to look to the government for solutions to their health dilemmas (Galloway, 2003). With such a substantial financial commitment, society has the right to expect a return on the investments it has made in the health of individuals through the expenditure of the system's resources (Denier, 2005).…”

Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is the work of health promotion to act in the best ways possible to prevent this from happening. Framing health damaging behaviours in terms of choice generates appeal and this way of framing causality can give people a greater sense of control over and responsibility for their own health (Galloway, 2003). Moreover, health promotion should not hesitate to emphasize the importance of sensible health behaviour by generating awareness of the influence that behaviours have on health needs (Denier, 2005).…”

Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health promotion initially gained popularity in the United States during the 1980s as, "wellness programs" (Galloway, 2003). Corporations eagerly adopted these programs in response to the desire to establish healthy habits within the workplace and consequently increase productivity (Galloway, 2003).…”

Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corporations eagerly adopted these programs in response to the desire to establish healthy habits within the workplace and consequently increase productivity (Galloway, 2003). Since then, community empowerment has acted as a guiding principle for both theory and practice in health promotion (Braunack-Mayer & Louise, 2008).…”

Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personal Health Responsibility: Blaming Victims or Empowering Nations?

Valela¹

2010

RISS-IJHS

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Abstract:The place for personal responsibility within healthcare has been highly contested within academic debate. Meanwhile, leading causes of death within the United States have shifted to chronic disease as a result of lifestyle behaviours suggesting the need for health promotion to take action. In this position paper, I will argue that the less punitive element of personal responsibility implied by health promotion is both ethically justifiable and beneficial as a means of empowering the individual, population and healthcare system as a whole. Several counter-arguments are presented and subsequently refuted: health responsibility unduly places blame upon vulnerable populations; administration of negative sanctions based on health responsibility is difficult; and actions detrimentally affecting health are not certain to be autonomously undertaken by the individual. Arguments in favour are then presented: a dependence of the population upon the healthcare system has been created; empowerment is effective as the central guiding principle of health promotion; and sensible care for oneself should be a duty of citizens, which they are required to fulfill as the healthcare system is not in a position to act as an unlimited resource. As such, health promotion must continue to emphasize the importance of sensible health behaviour as a means of empowering individuals through self responsibility.

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Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Personal Health Responsibility: Blaming Victims or Empowering Nations?

Valela¹

2010

RISS-IJHS

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“…Unlike HBM, whose theoretical thrust centers on the notion that fear of infection is the key factor motivating individuals to seek preventive interventions, HPM provides a broader picture of health and determinants of health behavior. The model posits that good health does not merely mean the absence of disease; rather, it includes measures taken to promote good health, instill a sense of self-care responsibility, access early detection and prevent illness [33,34,35].…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Pregnancy: Evidence from Bungoma East District, Kenya

Mutulei¹

2013

AJPHR

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Malaria infection in pregnancy is highly risky for the mother and her fetus. Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is a key intervention for malaria prevention during pregnancy. Bungoma East District falls within the malaria-endemic zone of Kenya, with an infection risk class of 20% or higher. Even though malaria accounts for about 41% of maternal deaths in the District, IPTp 2 coverage remains below the Roll Back Malaria target. The objective of this study was to identify and document factors influencing the IPTp 2 + uptake. To achieve this, I applied the cross-sectional survey design to guide the research process. I sourced data from 278 women who were at the 24 th week or more of gestation, aged between 15 and 49 years, had not experienced malaria during the pregnancy and were not on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Quantitative analysis techniques included one-way analysis of variance, cross-tabulations with Chi Square statistic and binary logistic regression. The study found that women starting antenatal visits in the second month had about 10.5 times the odds of taking IPTp 2 + as those initiating antenatal attendance in the sixth month of pregnancy. Again, women who mentioned health facilities as the main source of information were about 12.7 times as likely to take IPTp 2 + as who relied on community health worker. Women who received support from their partners towards antenatal visits had about 8.2 times the odds of taking IPTp 2 + as those who did not receive partner support. Furthermore, women dwelling within a distance of less than one hour's walk had about 6.4 times the odds of taking IPTp 2 + as those dwelling within a distance of more than 4 hour's walk. Based on the findings, I recommend the need for better programming and content of health education sessions at the clinic; better staffing of health facilities to reduce workload and improve service quality; training health workers on customer care and sensitization of men through the media, work place paternal programs and peer education for a more active role.

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The importance of standard operating procedures in physical fitness assessment: a brief review

et al. 2021

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Background Physical fitness status is a key aspect of health and, consequently, it is important to create and adopt appropriate interventions to maintain or improve it, and assess it using valid measures. While in other testing contexts, standard operating procedures (SOPs) are commonly and widely adopted, in physical fitness testing, a variety of unstandardized testing protocols are proposed. Aims The topic of this review was to evaluate the existing literature on SOPs in physical fitness assessment and to provide guidelines on how SOPs could be created and adopted. Method The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were screened and original, peer-reviewed studies that included SOPs, related to physical fitness, were recorded. Results After the inclusion and exclusion criteria screening, a total of six studies were included and these were critically and narratively analyzed. Conclusions Standard operating procedures are rarely adopted in the field of physical fitness and a step by step guide has been provided in this manuscript. In the future, it is suggested to follow protocols as a routine, because this is the only way to generalize and contextualize findings.

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Health Promotion: Causes, Beliefs and Measurements

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Personal Health Responsibility: Blaming Victims or Empowering Nations?

Personal Health Responsibility: Blaming Victims or Empowering Nations?

Factors Influencing the Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Pregnancy: Evidence from Bungoma East District, Kenya

The importance of standard operating procedures in physical fitness assessment: a brief review

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