“…However, if planned carefully and executed with consideration for the aforementioned constraints, integrated service delivery could yield a double dividend for HIV and mental health care quality and continuity. Integrating services sustainably also requires broader efforts for criminal justice reform since rights-based deficiencies and structural violence exacerbate emotional and psychological stressors, which in turn accelerate the development of MHDs (Figure 2) (21)(22)(23)(24). Undertaking mental health interventions in correctional settings should be done in tandem with pragmatically addressing these factors, which have been widely criticized as inhumane (25).…”