“…A growing body of compelling empirical evidence illustrates that effective health advocacy services significantly enhance health outcomes for vulnerable patients (Dillardet al, 2018; Dohan & Shrag, 2005; Greenfield, Kaplan, & Ware, 1985; Kahanaet al, 2010; Kreps, 2003; Kreps & Chapelsky Massimilla, 2002; Kreps & O'Hair, 1995; Kreps & Sivaram, 2010; Mattson & Lam, 2015; Natale‐Pereira et al 2011; Sklar, 2016; Thomas, 2019). Yet there still are limited health advocacy resources for many elderly patients, as well as insufficient relevant and effective policies and programs to promote, support, and sustain health advocacy services for consumers within the modern health care system (Conrad et al, 2019; Godinho, Murthy, & Ciraj, 2017; Sklar, 2016).…”