Abstract:Reducing radiation exposures to levels that are "as low as practicable" (ALAP) or "as low as reasonably achievable" (ALARA) has long been the goal of the radiation protection programs of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), its predecessor agencies, and contractor organizations. The concept had its roots in the Manhattan District where, as early as 1944, the Director of the , Health Division noted that the only safe practice for internal emitters was to avoid intake. By 1946, the ALARA philosophy had been inco… Show more
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