Health of Premature Children from Birth to Four Years

Douglas, James W.; Mogford, C.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4813.748

Cited by 51 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Our finding of a higher rate of all infections ( p = 0.04), lower respiratory tract infections ( p = 0.003), and rehospitalizations for infections ( p = 0.0 I) in preterm than term infants confirms prior studies (7,8). The plasma IgG levels in the eight infants with the most serious infections after discharge from the NICU (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…those born weighing less than 1500 g), and have resulted in a growing number of these infants in pediatricians' practices (10,11). VLBW infants have more medical problems and higher rehospitalization and mortality rates than term infants (7,8), a result, in part, of an increased incidence and severity of infections (7,8). Although several studies (4,12) have examined the correlation between serum IgG levels and gestational age at birth, none has systematically evaluated IG levels in VLBW infants longitudinally or provided reference values outside of the newborn period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was predicted that, since very small premature infants were born with such low levels of IgG, a large proportion of them could develop marked hypogammaglobulinemia (i.e. less than 100 mg/dl) during the first 6 months of life (4), the period when these infants appear to be at the greatest risk of infection (7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Ballow¹,

Cates²,

Rowe

et al. 1986

Pediatr Res

256

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ABSTRACT. Plasma immunoglobulin concentrations of premature infants of birth weight less than 1500 g were measured longitudinally from birth to 10 months chronological age. Infants were divided into two groups based on gestational age (group I: 25-28 wk; group 11: 29-32 wk). In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgG levels correlated with gestational age ( r = 0.5, p < 0.001). At 3 months chronological age, the geometric mean plasma IgG levels were 60 mg/dl in group I and 104 mg/dl in group I1 infants. Most infants remained hypogammaglobulinemic at 6 months with seven of 11 infants in group I and 13 of 21 infants in group I1 having plasma IgG levels below 200 mgldl. In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgM concentrations were 7.6 and 9.1 mgldl in groups I and 11, respectively. They rose to 41.8 and 34.7 by 8 to 10 months of life. Plasma IgA concentrations were comparable for groups I and I1 in the 1st wk of life (1.2 and 0.6 mg/dl, respectively), but at 1 month of age group I infants had a transient increase in IgA which was not seen in the group I1 infants (4.5 versus 1.9 mgldl, respectively, p < 0.02). This transient elevation in IgA did not correlate with type or route of feeding or amounts of transfused blood. Group I and group I1 infants had comparable rates of infections prior to discharge from the nursery ( p = 0.27). After discharge, the 43 preterm infants followed until 10 months chronological age had a significantly higher incidence of infections than 41 term infants ( p = 0.04). In addition, the preterm infants had more lower respiratory infections after discharge than term infants (14 versus 2, p = 0.003), and were rehospitalized more often for infection (8 versus 0, p = 0.01). Despite severe prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia, none of the preterm infants had bacteremic illness after discharge from the nursery. This study provides normal age-group immunoglobulin values for the first 10 months of life in very small premature infants. The lack of invasive bacterial infections in this small group of preterm infants after discharge from the nursery suggests that further studies will be necessary to determine whether the hypogammaglobulinemia places these very low birth weight infants at risk for serious infection. (Pediatr Res 20:899-904, 1986) Abbreviations VLBW, very low birth weight NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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confidence: 99%

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Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Ballow¹,

Cates²,

Rowe

et al. 1986

Pediatr Res

256

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“…The early literature was summarized by Alm (1953) and Benton (1940). The sequelae of prematurity include higher mortality rates as compared with full-term infants of similar socio-economic background (Douglas & Mogford, 1953;Drillien, 1959a;1959b;James, 1958), minor degrees of retardation in growth (Hansman & Maresh, 1961), impairment on developmental tests in infancy and on intelligence tests later (Dann, Levine, & New, 1958;Douglas, 1956;Drillien, 1959a;1959b;Knobloch, Rider, Harper, & Pasamanick, 1956), and an increased incidence of mild behavior disorders (Drillien, 1958;Knobloch et al, 1956). Cerebral palsy has also been linked to prematurity as close to one-third of the children with the disorder have a history of premature birth (Deaver, 1952;Evans, 1948;Greenspan & Deaver, 1953;Ingram & Russell, 1961;Mohr & Bartelme, 1930).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Impairment of the Early Development of Prematures

Braine¹,

Heimer²,

Wortis³

et al. 1966

Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development

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“…and Mogford[8], Knobloch et al[21], Drillien[9], and Scarr[41]). However, it is not always clear whether low birth weight is cause or effect:For some [conditions associated with low birth weight], low birth weight may 5 Data published by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) suggest that the overall incidence of low birth weight has been fairly constant since 1950, with rates of 7Similarly, Kessner et al[19] found that, among all live births in New York City in 1968, the…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of Income Maintenance on Low Birth Weight: Evidence from the Gary Experiment

Kehrer¹,

Wolin²

1979

The Journal of Human Resources

118

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Birth weight is a useful index of infant health. Low birth weight (5.5 pounds or less) is associated with high rates of infant mortality and morbidity. Low birth weight is also associated with low socioeconomic status. The question arises, therefore, whether income transfers can affect the incidence of low birth weight among the poor. The impact of an expanded income support plan on low birth weight was analyzed using data on 404 infants born to participants in the Gary Income Maintenance Experiment. A significant health response was observed for children of women who face high-risk pregnancies.

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Health of Premature Children from Birth to Four Years

Cited by 51 publications

References 4 publications

Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Factors Associated with Impairment of the Early Development of Prematures

Impact of Income Maintenance on Low Birth Weight: Evidence from the Gary Experiment

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