Health-integrated planning at the local level in England: Impediments and opportunities

Carmichael, Laurence; Barton, Hugh; Gray, Selena; Lease, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.07.008

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…First, the process of implementing HiAP can be challenging since policy-makers are not always experienced in working intersectorally. For example, long-standing government traditions of policy development and implementation within distinct organisational and professional silos can be hard to transform [ 9 ]. Second, there is often a lack of evidence about how to best facilitate successful HiAP implementation; most evidence is descriptive rather than analytic [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implementation of Health in All Policies initiatives: a systems framework for government action

Shankardass

Muntañer

Kokkinen

et al. 2018

Health Res Policy Sys

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There has been a renewed interest in broadening the research agenda in health promotion to include action on the structural determinants of health, including a focus on the implementation of Health in All Policies (HiAP). Governments that use HiAP face the challenge of instituting governance structures and processes to facilitate policy coordination in an evidence-informed manner. Due to the complexity of government institutions and the policy process, systems theory has been proposed as a tool for evaluating the implementation of HiAP. Methods: Our multiple case study research programme (HiAP Analysis using Realist Methods On International Case Studies -HARMONICS) has relied on systems theory and realist methods to make sense of how and why the practices of policy-makers (including politicians and civil servants) from specific institutional environments (policy sectors) has either facilitated or hindered the implementation of HiAP. Herein, we present a systems framework for the implementation of HiAP based on our experience and empirical findings in studying this process. Results: We describe a system of 14 components within three subsystems of government. Subsystems include the executive (heads of state and their appointed political elites), intersectoral (the milieu of policy-makers and experts working with governance structures related to HiAP) and intrasectoral (policy-makers within policy sectors). Here, HiAP implementation is a process involving interactions between subsystems and their components that leads to the emergence of implementation outcomes, as well as effects on the system components themselves. We also describe the influence of extra-governmental systems, including (but not limited to) the academic sector, third sector, private sector and intergovernmental sector. Finally, we present a case study that applies this framework to understand the implementation of HiAP -the Health 2015 Strategy -in Finland, from 2001 onward. Conclusions: This framework is useful for helping to explain how, why and under what circumstances HiAP has been successfully and unsuccessfully implemented in a sustainable manner. It serves as a tool for researchers to study this process, and for policy-makers and other public health actors to manage this process.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implementation of Health in All Policies initiatives: a systems framework for government action

Shankardass

Muntañer

Kokkinen

et al. 2018

Health Res Policy Sys

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is noteworthy as HIAs have been recognised as addressing the limitations of EIA. 39 - 41 That HIA was absent confirms an historical preference for specific health risk assessment over the more comprehensive approach of HIA in Australia. 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Including Health in Environmental Assessments of Major Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Documentary Analysis

Riley

Harris

Kent

et al. 2018

Int J Health Policy Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Transport policy and practice impacts health. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are regulated public policy mechanisms that can be used to consider the health impacts of major transport projects before they are approved. The way health is considered in these environmental assessments (EAs) is not well known. This research asked: How and to what extent was human health considered in EAs of four major transport projects in Australia. Methods: We developed a comprehensive coding framework to analyse the Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) of four transport infrastructure projects: three road and one light rail. The coding framework was designed to capture how health was directly and indirectly included. Results: We found that health was partially considered in all four EISs. In the three New South Wales (NSW) projects, but not the one South Australian project, this was influenced by the requirements issued to proponents by the government which directed the content of the EIS. Health was assessed using human health risk assessment (HHRA). We found this to be narrow in focus and revealed a need for a broader social determinants of health approach, using multiple methods. The road assessments emphasised air quality and noise risks, concluding these were minimal or predicted to improve. The South Australian project was the only road project not to include health data explicitly. The light rail EIS considered the health benefits of the project whereas the others focused on risk. Only one project considered mental health, although in less detail than air quality or noise. Conclusion: Our findings suggest EIAs lag behind the known evidence linking transport infrastructure to health. If health is to be comprehensively included, a more complete model of health is required, as well as a shift away from health risk assessment as the main method used. This needs to be mandatory for all significant developments. We also found that considering health only at the EIA stage may be a significant limitation, and there is a need for health issues to be considered when earlier, fundamental decisions about the project are being made.

show abstract

“…Past research has indicated that the built environment is important to promote physical activity [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], but studies have shown equivocal results [ 33 , 55 , 56 ]. Fox examples, neighborhoods with greater amounts of greenspace were associated with weekly walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in middle-to-older-aged adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Urbanization, the Built Environment, and Physical Activity among Older Adults in Taiwan

Huang

Kung

2018

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urbanization and ageing are global phenomena and offer unique challenges in different countries. A supportive environment plays a critical role in addressing the issue of behavioral change and health promotion among older adults. Many studies in the U.S., EU, and Australia have considered promoting physical activity in the community based on ecological models, whereas very few Asian studies have examined the relationships among urbanization, the built environment and physical activity in elderly at the ecological level, especially from a multi-level perspective. Due to the prevalence of post-war baby boomers and a very low birth-rate, the older population (aged 65 years old and older) in Taiwan has increased rapidly since 2011 and has exceeded the younger generation (0–14 years old) in 2017. Hence, the purpose of this study was first to examine the degree of urbanization in townships and the status of related built environments in Taiwan and then to investigate whether the built environment is associated with recommended amounts of physical activity among older adults. Three national datasets and a multi-level design were used in this research. Data at the individual level was obtained from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) which was taken from June 2009 to February 2010. Ecological data was obtained from the 2006 National Land Use Investigation of the National Geographic Information System and the 2010 Population and Housing Census. The analyses included a descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis, a multiple logistic regression, and a multi-level analysis, utilizing a mostly hierarchical linear model (HLM). The results showed a significant relationship between factors at the environmental levels and physical activity in older adults. Urbanization, the built environment, and the median income of townships were positively correlated to the physical activity of the older adults. After controlling for individual-level factors, urbanization still exhibited this correlation. Parks and green spaces were associated with achieving the recommended amount of physical activity. However, there was no relationship after controlling for factors at the individual level. Detailed discussions were provided.

show abstract

Health-integrated planning at the local level in England: Impediments and opportunities

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

The implementation of Health in All Policies initiatives: a systems framework for government action

The implementation of Health in All Policies initiatives: a systems framework for government action

Including Health in Environmental Assessments of Major Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Documentary Analysis

The Relationship between Urbanization, the Built Environment, and Physical Activity among Older Adults in Taiwan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About